Friday, February 28, 2020
Global Social Work 2020 Midterm Question 1
Imagine you were going to lead a parent support group in a country DIFFERENT than your own. How would you use Global social work principles that Healey describes to plan how to go about it? What content would you aim to address to promote parenting that does not encourage violence, using the ideas from readings from the class about child development and family relationships?
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The question is, why should activities such as parenting be taught? There is, I believe, one reason for this. The ever-changing world, the fast pace of life, dictate new opportunities. What seemed appropriate a few years ago can be completely unsuccessful for today's parents raising their offspring. Technology has profoundly changed the everyday life of families, just as it has motivated active labor market participation, emigration, globalization processes and so on. Parental popularity for self-fulfilling quality of duty to be parents. Other equally important issues are when parents have their first parenting and attitude when they were children themselves (Herbert, Harper-Dorton, 2002). It is understood that part of it would be determined by having children, not only by the consequences of positive parenting. Through parenting skills training, you will have the opportunity to learn new parenting patterns from everyone else they were raised with. These and other factors (social, psychological, health issues) determine family life. Negative experiences interfere naturally, unlike before, being a parenting authority can cause anxiety, distrust, anger, frustration, fatigue. Negative parenting is when some authorized children are educated inconsistently, authoritatively, or by all permissions without setting such boundaries and rules. The consequences of such upbringing are low self-esteem of children, mistrust of self and others, inability to love, communication difficulties, tendency to addiction, socially unacceptable behavior, etc. (Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, Liobikienė, 2012, p. 124).
ReplyDeleteAfter reading the article "Cooperation and Competition in Peaceful Societies" I can say that cooperation is essentially the dominant orientation of peaceful societies. There are various views on competition in this article, but for peace in society, the best solution when one grows up, improves on oneself and does so consciously, peacefully. This article also made it clear that in families, when they raise two or more children, they often compare children to one another, which is better or smarter, so the children feel compete with each other and want to please their parents. This attitude of parents and the type of upbringing do not create friendly competitiveness as they struggle for survival.
Thus, the social worker working with the family must educate parents on the proper upbringing of their children, and share modern recognized parenting methods. While providing help, the social worker must respect parents' views and freedom of choice, but must also motivate parents to accept help, because through help and involvement parents can change their lives and parenting because the help of a social worker has a positive impact on people's lives. The social worker also has to look at the person as a whole, because the client's immediate environment, relatives and everything around the person are very important. The social worker must identify and develop the strengths of individuals, groups and communities.
1. Bonta, Bruce. (1997). Cooperation and competition in peaceful societies. Psychological
Bulletin, 121, 299-320.
2. Herbert, M., Harper-Dorton, K. (2002). Working with Children, Adolescents, and their Parents. Third edition. Chicago: Lyceum book.
3. Vyšniauskytė – Rimkienė J., Matulevičiūtė D., Socialinis darbas, patirtis ir metodai, 2016.
4. Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, J., Liobikienė, T. N., (2012). Gebėjimai socialinio darbo praktikoje. Tėvystės ir vaikų socialinių gebėjimų lavinimas. Mokomoji knyga. Kaunas: VDU.
I would agree with Diletas opinion, that social worker who is working with family must educate parents how to make positive parenting with their childrens. For example, I'm working with families and when I see, that parents need some new social skills on parenting or just some readings about child growth, I direct parents to parents support groups, effective parenting training classes, give them leaflets about positive parenting and so on. In my opinion, all parents have to learn parenting skills, because no one is born with them.
DeleteSocial work is based on respect for the inherent worth and dignity of all people, and the rights that follow from this. Social workers should uphold and defend each person's phychological, emotional, and spritual integrity and well being . This means:
ReplyDelete1. Respecting the right to self-determination-Social workers schould respect and promote people's right to make their own choices and decisions, irrespective or of their values and life choices, providedthis does not threaten the rights and legitimate interests of others.
2. Promoting the right to participation - Social workers should promote the full invevolmement and partipation of people using their services in ways that enable them to be empowered in all aspects of decisions and actions affecting their lives.
3. Treating each person as a whole - Social workers should be concerned with the whole person , whitchen the family, community , societal and natural environment s and should seek to recognize all aspect's of a person's life.
4. Indentifying and developing strengths - Social workers should focus on the strengths of all individuals, groups, and communities and thus promote their empowerment.
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ReplyDeleteHealy (2008, p. 374) summarizes social work principles, which are based on respect for the inherent worth and dignity of all people, and the right that follows from this. More over social worker should uphold and defend each person’s physical, emotional, and spiritual integrity an well-being.
ReplyDeleteAs she specify identifying and developing strengths - social workers should be focus on the client, groups and communities strengths and thus promote their empowerment. In this case as we talk about positive work with families because of the highlighting and reinforcing of family strengths positive changes can be achieved faster than focusing on problems. According to Saleebey (2009), everyone has strengths: individuals, groups, and communities. Malinauskas and Liobikiene (2012, p. 22) says empowerment and motivation employing the strengths perspective, notice and pay attention to each family's strengths, abilities and interests; not its failures, shortcomings and weaknesses. It is necessary to develop good neighbourhood relationship as supporting the family in provision process. Important steps wich note Malinauskas and Liobikiene (2012, p. 23) provide support, advice, encourage initiative, and help solve problems.
Parenting is not about children it is all about parents behavior. Jonyniene (2010), describe that living in a family allows one to meet the most important needs of belonging and affection, friendship and love, security and self- expression. This experience later accompanies the whole adult life, not only reflected in his personality traits, inclinations, goals or attitudes, but also through communication with own children models: avoiding painful and unpleasant experiences. Usually we adopt parenting technique from our parents. As noted in article (Hart at al., 2008) “Parenting and child aggression in Russia” what families need to avoid in parenting style are psychological controls. As Bronfenbrenner (1970), described “love oriented” discipline, love with-drawal and quilt induction because of “this type of parenting reflects relationally manipulative behaviors that harm others by the use of exclusionary tactics or by damaging feelings of acceptance (Hart at al., 2008, p. 687). Research also shows that marital conflict which children are exposed, is related to childhood adjustment difficulties, because it emotional upset and threaten children. Two types of marital conflicts which was found in article are marital exclusion (silent wall, avoiding, withdrawing affection) and verbal hostility and physical abuse. Fincham at al. (1994) argued the mutual effects of parent-child relations and marital conflict as associated with childhood behavior problems (Hart at al., 2008, p. 690). It does not necessarily mean that these relationships will hold true in all parts of the world or with all ethnic groups that are subsumed within larger cultural contexts, but it helps to understand how to avoid or work with aggression child behavior. From this article we can learn how is important to learn positive parenting skills in a family relationship among each other. Consequently, parents need to be helped to discover the best family relationships and to find effective ways of bringing up their children that arise from the needs of the educational system (Jonyniene, 2010). Moreover, Jonyniene (2010), research shows that parents who participated in the training depending on the content and goals of the curriculum, participants are more aware of the psychological and social characteristics of child development, have a more favorable attitude to.
According to Healy (2008), social work is based on the inherent values and dignity of all people and the rights that flow from it. Therefore, a social worker should support and protect every person regardless of his or her nationality, age, education, color, etc. Also, this author has identified 4 principles that should be followed by social workers around the world:
ReplyDelete1) Respecting the right to self-determination;
2) Promoting the right to participation;
3) Treating each person as a whole;
4) Identifying and developing strengths.
So, if I would be going to lead a parent support group in abroad, I would use all of principles that Healy (2008) were mentioned. First of all, I would get to know the culture and traditions of the country, where I lead a parenting support group. According to Healy (2008) principle 3, the social worker should relate to the individual, his or her family, community, social and natural environment and should try to recognize all aspects of the individual's life. Also, I would try to concentrate all my attention to parents’ strengths and their empowerment.
The nonviolent societies clearly link competition with aggression and violence. Anger and aggressiveness are negatively valued, whereas in general, nurturance and cooperation with the group are positively valued. Most of the societies foster modesty, humility, and an opposition to general leadership as part of their egalitarian, cooperative ethos (Bonta, 1997). The literature on peaceful societies includes some discussion of various strategies for parents to use when they raise their children, so they will avoid competition. Parenting is a process of extraordinary activity that takes place in a defined social context. The main purpose of parenting is to guarantee the well-being of the child (Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė ir Liobikienė, 2012). Hart and Nelson (1998) said that the absence of positive parenting is as important in the development of childhood behavior problems directed toward peers as is the presence of negative parenting. Darling and Steinberg (1993) postulated that parenting styles may be ,,equally effective in socializing children across all cultural contexts, but that the goals toward which children are socialized, and thus parenting practices, vary across these very same ecologies”. According to Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė and Liobikienė (2012), parenting can be both - positive and negative. Positive parenting is the proper care of the child, wise child control, and effective help in responding to the child's physical, psychological, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs. About these needs also talked Healy (2008). Moreover, positive parenting needs to be nurtured by providing parents with knowledge of the child's needs and child development, and helping parents to develop the skills they need. The main theory behind the parenting curriculum for parents of pre-adolescent children is behaviorism - the notion that reinforcing good children's behavior can lead to positive parenting outcomes, and vice versa - consistently emphasizing bad behavior cannot be expected from them. Each behavior is related to the situation or context and the consequences of the behavior.
Bonta, B. D. (1997). Cooperation and Competition in Peaceful Societies. Psychological Bulletin, 121(2), 299-320.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological bulletin, 113(3), 487.
Hart, C. H. & Nelson, D. A. (1998). Overt and Relational Aggression in Russian Nursery-School-Age Children: Parenting Style and Marital Linkages. Developmental Psychology, 34(4), 687-697.
Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, J. ir Liobikienė, T. N. (2012). Gebėjimai socialinio darbo praktikoje: tėvystės ir vaikų socialinio gebėjimų lavinimas. Mokomoji knyga. Kaunas: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas.
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ReplyDeleteUsing the Global Social Principles of Labor, according to Healey content to address to promote parenting that does not encourage violence. 1. Respect self-determination. According to (Malinauskas, Liobikienė, 2012) The principle of free choice of a fairy tale , not to ignore the choice of children or parents. Parents must be free to make decisions about their child's upbringing. Because making a decision for others may seem completely wrong, but it may be the best solution for them. C. Willow (2010) notes that the child's freedom of decision must be based on certain criteria: the influence of the child's decision on himself; the impact of a child’s decision on others; the reasonableness of the child's opinion and the respective harm caused by the decision made; According to Bonta, B. D. (1997), in order for children to be non-violent, parents must encourage their children to cooperate by including anti-competitive values. To educate a child without much emotional involvement, with the ability to control his emotions. 2. Promote participation rights. Children have the opportunity to be active participants in their society. This right must be exercised in decisions relating to the well-being of the child and in everyday situations. All children, regardless of their age and other circumstances, must have the right to express their views. Parents should assess whether or not enough attention is paid to this right: actively educating children who are responsible and self-confident. Child participation also depends on the will of the adult. Adults need to trust children and create a supportive and stimulating environment for their children to live a life of value. According to B.D. (1997), parents need to teach their children the rules of correct behavior, competent behavior, because this will enable them to become active and have the appropriate participation skills. 3. Treating each person as a whole. Each family member should be treated as a whole. If the problems are not satisfied, all problems will not be implemented. According to Bonta, B. D. (1997), to promote cooperation in providing support among family members. Be able to set boundaries and structures that be accept and have only one family member, but all. . Identifying and developing strengths. Based on (Malinausku and Liobikiene, 2012) promote family strengths sides and motivation. To assess family strengths, be able to answer questions: How did we survive in a difficult situation? What helped us stay there? What was different at the time than it is now? What was the relationship like then? To be able to see each family member's strengths, to clearly identify them. Encourage cooperation between family members. Promote personal responsibility for the behavior of each family member. Being able to look for community resources in order to engage the community in the relief process. Analyzing Hart, C. H., Nelson, D. A., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, S. F., & McNeilly-Choque, M. K. (1998) parenting that does not encourage violence must be based on non-forced parenting or psychological control or guilt promotion. Talking about control can be directed to reasoning that promotes childish behavior and adaptive social cognition.
ReplyDelete• Bonta, B. D. (1997). Cooperation and competition in peaceful societies. Psychological Bulletin, 121(2), 299.
• Hart, C. H., Nelson, D. A., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, S. F., & McNeilly-Choque, M. K. (1998). Overt and relational aggression in Russian nursery-school-age children: Parenting style and marital linkages. Developmental psychology, 34(4), 687.
Starting parent support group in a different country would be difficult. Global social work principles that Healey (2008) has pointed out are good start. When starting a parent support group one must first learn about their culture, the way of living and the way of parenting, before taking any action. That way social worker should be able to understand more about the natives who live in the country and this in return would help implementing and following rules of global social work such as respecting the right of self-determination, promoting the right to participation, treating each person as a whole, identifying and developing strengths. After gaining a foothold and deeper understanding in said subjects one can start a parenting support group.
ReplyDeleteThe main content I would aim to address is how families interact with their children and how children interact with their parents. To most accurately find that out social workers should look at the individuals as a whole rather than looking at what they have done in the past, this would allow better understanding on how one’s feeling. Understanding the families and what is happening in them is vital to the success of reducing aggression and violence in the family. While one should always look and work with family as a whole, its must to work out martial conflicts first. Hart, Nelson, Robinson, Olsen, and McNeilly-Choque (1998) “Overt and relational aggression in Russian nursery-school-age children: Parenting style and marital linkages.” Marital conflict was also linked to more overt and relational aggression for boys. When entered into the same statistical model, more marital conflict (for boys only), more maternal coercion, and less paternal responsiveness were found to be the most important contributors to overt and relational aggression in younger Russian children.” Parents should be also thought how to draw lines for children. Children are naturally interested in the world surrounding them, which in turn makes them get in trouble. That causes a lot of stress for the parents which later turns into passive aggressiveness because in subconsciousness child becomes manifestation of stress and anxiety if the parent doesn’t find a way how to stop it, he/she will subconsciously try to release anxiety and stress by various small forms of revenge such as not allowing child to play, meet friends and Etc.
Social workers role would involve them providing help for parents by providing more information about how small details such as drawing the lines in relationship with their children of what they can do and what they cannot do might make a huge difference. Also a consistency in respectful and fulfilling relationship will help them reduce stress, anxiety and set a good example for a child. In the end social worker who’s following Healey’s global social work principles can only help by giving advice, otherwise they might challenge ones right to self-determination.
References:
Hart, C. H., Nelson, D. A., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, S. F., & McNeilly-Choque, M. K. (1998). Overt and relational aggression in Russian nursery-school-age children: Parenting style and marital linkages. Developmental psychology, 34(4), 687.
Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
I liked your thoughts, Silvija! I also think that a social work optician needs to find out about their culture, lifestyle, parenting methods before working with a group of parents in another country. It is also very important to gain the trust of the group. When the group feels safe, trusts the social worker, they will be more open and accept the help they are offered.
DeleteParenting skills development is an important area of social work. Timely and properly organized parenting training can be expected to have a lasting impact on society. According to Healey, a social worker should pay attention to and emphasize the strong human qualities. Also, evaluate each person individually, find out what help the person needs and enable the person to act independently.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Ivanauskienė, V., working with the family as a system, maintaining a calm and constructive atmosphere, a skilled social worker can encourage many favorable changes. The most important task of a social worker when working with a family is to create conditions that maximize the strength of the family. Working with the family must have a purpose that is clear, understandable and relevant to the needs of the family, because by consciously understanding the processes involved, the work becomes more effective.
Parenting can be both positive and negative. Positive parenting is the proper care of the child, wise child control, and effective help in responding to the child's physical, psychological, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs. Positive parenting needs to be nurtured, the social worker should provide parents with knowledge of the child's needs and child development, and help parents develop the skills they need. Much attention should be paid to communication between parents, fostering family focus, recognizing and meeting the needs of the child, and issues of child development and education. Behaviourist approaches to reinforcing good behavior in children can lead to positive parenting outcomes, and vice versa - by constantly highlighting child abuse, good behavior cannot be expected. Each behavior is related to the situation or context and the consequences of the behavior.
Parents can be taught individually and in groups. Group forms are included in the age at which children were raised. This is very important because it may not be at all interesting for parents of teenagers to listen to information about baby’s and vice versa.
In conclusion, I believe that the Social Worker is not the person performing the task, but the organizer, facilitator and advisor. It gives direction, but the goal must be achieved by the family itself. Social worker behavior is important for family work, ability to connect with his family, apply social work techniques that promote members' ability to communicate with each other. When dealing with the family, it is necessary to maintain confidentiality and not to act as a judge.
Literature:
Ivanauskienė, V. (2008) socialinio darbo su šeima teoriniai ir praktiniai aspektai. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas.
Liobikienė, N. T., V., Rimkienė- Vyšniauskytė ,J. (2012) Gebėjimai socialinio darbo praktikoje (tėvystės ir vaikų socialinių gebėjimų lavinimas). Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas.
Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
Akvile, I really like your response and it is very insightful. IN the beginning of your post you talked about developing parenting skills and creating stronger families as a way to have a long lasting positive impact on society. This is a good thought because I don't think we often think of parenting as something that can build peace in the global society. Creating space for people to develop parenting skills affects the society through the next generation. The other really important part that you put in your comment is about social workers being facilitators, organizers, and advisors of skill development geared toward parents developing competencies around family involvement. Parent are actors in their own outcomes therefore we should treat them as such.
DeleteThe upbringing of children in the family is a complex and often problematic socio-pedagogical process. Its results depend on the family and on its virtue, emotional microclimate, pedagogical culture, communication style, personal example, etc. However, an undeniable surplus of violence, destruction, negativity and culture of death in the mass media channels worries future and present parents; moreover, accessible information, social competitiveness and result-oriented (and not attractive process-oriented) educational system motivate the parents to start acquiring skills in parenthood right after or even before the birth of a child.
ReplyDeletePositive parenting represents the skills in child’s healthcare, nurture and family wellbeing. Health starts forming and grows from the very beginning of the life and is indispensable throughout it. A growing organism is susceptible and vulnerable, and a child needs knowledge, positive example and skills to be able to recognize negative factors, develop positive attitudes and realize his or her responsibility for own and other persons health. Child’s nurture concentrates on the interaction between parents and children and covers rights and duties related to child’s development and his or her self-realization. The contemporary society has lately shown an interest in the positive nurture that is mostly associated with the positive parenthood. The positive nurture of children represents the parental behavior based on child’s interests, i. e. caring, providing rights, avoiding violence, recognizing and directing (including setting of limits), aiming at the fulfilling development of the child. It is a holistic concept focused to the most important interests of a child and one’s development, the respect to children rights and considering parental ‘needs and resources.
A harmonious family is an axiomatic good because it corresponds to the essential personal needs, sociability and allows its complete realization: 1) to be unconditionally loved and accepted independently of one’s capacities, skills and achievements, because every person is unique and intrinsically valuable; 2) to be open with another person, trust and share life (communicate and collaborate) with him or her; 3) to have the parents as an authority that one can trust, learn from, look up to as a model for a relationship, discovering and strengthening in this way his or her identity.
Spending together a high-quality time, children and parents influence each other’s attitudes and behavior. This kind of nurture allows for violence-free environment where parents do not use corporal or psychologically humiliating punishments in order to solve conflicts or to gain some discipline or respect. It is important to promote positive and non-violent relationship with children in the family and other environments. Even though the nurture of children is associated to the privacy of the family, it should nevertheless be regarded as a domain of the public politics and so all the necessary measures should be done to support the nurture of children and facilitate the positive nurture.
So, a social worker working with a family who can educate and share positive parenting methods can contribute to this place. At the same time, they would solve the emerging problems in the upbringing of children and try to apply new methods of positive parenting. They would also look at the family, since the immediate family environment, which can have a major impact on their functioning, is important for positive parenting.
References:
• Navickienė, L. J. (2014). Emocinio imitavimo metodas kaip pozityvios tėvystės formavimo priemonė. Kūrybos erdvės, (21), 74-106.
• Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, J., Liobikienė, T. N., (2012). Gebėjimai socialinio darbo praktikoje. Tėvystės ir vaikų socialinių gebėjimų lavinimas. Mokomoji knyga. Kaunas: VDU.
• Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.Deif, F. (2005).
Lynne M. Healy in her article about International Social Work saying that - without debating universality at this point, there are some social work values that are common to the international ethical document, Ethics in Social Work, Statement of Principles, and to codes of ethics from individual countries. These are loosely identified as cornerstone values of the profession. They include belief in the worth and dignity of each person; commitment to non-discrimination and equality; acceptance of the rights of persons to self-determination and to confidentiality in their dealings with social workers; and recognition that social workers have multiple ethical responsibilities to those served, to the profession, to employing institutions, to fellow professionals and to society at large. An additional ethical principle, not universally stated but generally viewed as important, is the avoidance of doing harm through professional actions. These will be briefly examined in the context of universalism and relativism, with emphasis on equality or non-discrimination and self-determination. The involvement and volunteering of both parents are important in developing a program that teaches positive parenting without violence. It is therefore very important to follow the ethical principles that Lynne M. Healy talks about.
ReplyDeleteParenting can be both positive and negative. Positive parenting is the right thing for a child guardianship, wise child control, and effective support in response to the physical, psychological, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs. Positive parenting needs to be nurtured by providing parents with knowledge of the child's needs and child development; and to help parents develop the skills they need. In my program, I would follow the five positive parenting offered by M. R. Sanders and A. Ralph education levels.
M. R. Sanders and A. Ralph education levels:
The first level is universal prevention. The information needed by all parents is widely disseminated through the media, family clubs, camps, parent groups. Much attention is given to communication between parents, fostering family focus, recognizing and meeting the needs of the child, and issues of child development and education. The program intended for parents raising children from birth through adolescence.
The second level is targeted prevention. Programs are designed for parents who have problems raising and bringing up their children. They work individually and in groups, discuss situations that cause parents anxiety and provide information on the causes of child maltreatment.
The third level is primary care. For parents who are not good enough knowledge and capacity building requires active supervision. The program begins with one-on-one meetings (1-4), followed by group work, and home visits as needed, modeling parental behavior. This program is especially applicable to single teenage mothers, to very young parents with no experience and assistance, to parents with intellectual disabilities and so on.
The fourth level - standard - is the counseling and capacity building of parents raising children with severe behavioral and emotional disorders. At this level, parents volunteer for help. Working individually with parents according to their needs and problems, sometimes small groups of parents are formed. Parents can attend first level parenting skills training.
The fifth level is the so-called enhanced parenting program for parents of dysfunctional multi-problem families. The family is evaluated, visited, individually counseled, and family issues resolved. They teach not only parenting skills but also anger management, family communication, problem-solving.
1. Lynne M. Healy (2007). Universalism and cultural relativism in social work ethics. International social work 2007; 50; 11 DOI: 10.1177/0020872807071479
2. Jorūnė Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, Teresė Nijolė Liobikienė (2012). Gebėjimai socialinio darbo praktikoje (tėvystės ir vaikų socialinių gebėjimų lavinimas). Mokomoji knyga. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas Kaunas, 2012
The upbringing and education of a child is a continuous process. Participates in this processnot only the parents of the child, but also other relatives and bystanders who influence the child. When communicating Adults use the available practical communication skills with the child. But sometimesParental intuition or practical skills are not enough. Consequently, in order to purposefully and educating your children properly requires an understanding of the need for parenting skills. According to Lapinskienė A. (2013) it was found that parents feel a lack of psychological and pedagogical information, however knows little about parenting programs. Meeting their needs would require a great variety The nature and content of parenting skills training programs is also noteworthy parents are critical of their behavior and say they do not need such programs. As I read in the article Parenting and Child Aggression, responsible parent-child interactions include the following: patience, listening, nurturing, playfulness. Responsible parenting facilitates communication with peers. Then they are not prone to violence. In a family, a person matures, discovers and unfolds. Children inherit genetics, social skills and other skills from their parents. (Navickas, Vaičiulienė, 2008). In our increasingly modern society, real communication loses its meaning. Both children and parents have their own virtual lives, so they forget about their responsibilities. Parents no longer know how to talk nicely with their children, do not listen to them, do not advise or care about their hygiene. It is starting to get worse with parent. What may be the reason for the divorce. Therefore, I would suggest that parents spend as much time with their children as possible. Travel, go to the movies, read books and spend as little time in the virtual world as children can see many bad examples of life there. There are endless examples of parents' violence against their children, but it is important to teach parents the skills of positive parenting. If I were a social worker and trained parents in another country, I would first try to explain to my parents that parental violence against children is the result of their social problems or prolonged poor physical or psychological status. Secondly, it is necessary to educate the society about the phenomenon, signs and consequences of emotional abuse in children, and to encourage the search for solutions. And last, but probably most important, teaching adult parenting skills.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Healey (2008), collaborating with other institutions, especially international ones, is important in social work. Healy and Link (2012) indicated that a social worker should, in the context of global social work:
- Understand the appreciation of the world and the recognition of the effects of globalization
the well-being of the people;
- Take care of social issues around the world;
- Participation in international professional organizations;
- Have an understanding of the Global profession;
- Development and promotion of human rights.
In conclusion, I want to emphasize the importance of helping parents discover their problems if they are not to be violated. And to teach them the skills of positive parenting. They can be helped by a social worker. Therefore, it is important that he helps all his clients regardless of their race, religion, skin color, age, financial status.
1. http://www.pvc.lt/lt/socialines-kampanijos/2-be-kategorijos/313-netinkamas-vaika-zeidziantis-auklejimas-irgi-emocinis-smurtas
2. Healy, M., Link, R.(2011). Handbook of international social work.
3. Navickas, V., Vaičiulienė, A. (2008). Žmogaus raidos psichologija.
I liked your thoughts, Greta! I also believe that the best results are often achieved when not only family members, relatives, but also other informal members of the network are actively involved in the assistance process.
DeleteThus, with the help of the members of the parental support group, the strategies of parental social participation and the peculiarities of involvement in the child's educational process should be clarified by experimenting with the development of an individual child's educational plan. To justify and prepare high-quality, useful and purposeful parental involvement in the development and improvement of their child.
The role of parents in the lives of their children is very important. Although the personality of children and behavior is influenced by others, not only parents but parents are the direct creators of their children's lives. Research shows that the role of parents in the child's social, psychological and cognitive development is particularly significant. The main purpose of parenting is ensuring the well-being of the child (Liobikienė, 2009). Positive parenting is appropriate child custody, wise control, and effective help with physical, psychological, emotional, intellectual, social and the spiritual needs of the child (Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, Liobikienė, 2012). Parents can boost their offspring's "immune system", stress resistance and other negative external influences as they grow.
ReplyDeleteAttachment theory in the classics of M. D. S. Ainsworth and J. Bowlby, in childhood between the relationships formed by his caregivers (usually the mother) influence the future formation of close relationships with other people. Attachment research shows that adult romantic love is an ongoing process of attachment, the quality of which depends on the individual's attachment stories in childhood. Over the past two decades, studies of adult attachment have received increasing attention, as different attachment styles shape fundamental expectations and opinions about oneself, others, and close relationships with others). Studies show that attachment nfluences people's thinking and feelings about their romantic relationship in a couple (analyzed 20 different longitudinal studies showing that a person's attachment style is related to the quality of interpersonal relationships, emotion regulation, better self-esteem, psychological adjustment and mental health.
Secure or unsafe attachment is thought to form rather enduring attitudes in and of itself in relation to other people. Studies show that adult attachment is characterized by longer lifespan, closer and more satisfying relationships, more trust in a partner, friendliness and self-discovery, compromise, and collaboration in dealing with the couple problems. For a positive attitude towards others and showing them affectionate, affectionate affirmation gives the positive expectation that others will respond the same way. A fearful attachment style is associated with increased tension, avoidance of intimate relationships, often anticipating partner rejection; these individuals have a negative view of themselves and others and are therefore constantly anxious in interpersonal relationships. With attachment rejection being less likely to fall in love, relationships are usually transient, characterized by irresponsible and non-compulsive sexual behavior; problems in relationships stem from excessive suspicion, jealousy, or emotional coldness and estrangement.
Social work is based on respect of all people, and the rights that follow from this. Based on the Healey (2008) words Social workers should protect the physical, psychological, spiritual and emotional well-being of each individual, client. Principles:
1. Respecting the right to self - determination.
2. Promoting the right to patricipation.
3. Treating each persona as a whole.
4. Identifying and developing strengths.
If I were to lead a parenting support group, I would certainly rely on Healey (2008) principles and attachment therapy as it is the way to positive parenting.
References:
1. Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
2. Banytė, K., Pukinskaitė, R. (2010). Jaunuolių prieraišumo stilių, nuostatų į meilę ir jautrumo atstūmimui sąsajos. Socialinis darbas. Mokslo darbai 9(2).
3. Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, J., Liobikienė, T. N., (2012). Gebėjimai socialinio darbo praktikoje. Tėvystės ir vaikų socialinių gebėjimų lavinimas. Mokomoji knyga. Kaunas: VDU.
4. Liobikienė, N. (2009). Sisteminė pozityvios tėvystės raiška ir ugdymo perspektyva. Socialinis darbas. Patirtis ir metodai, 4 (2), p. 107–123.
I totally concur with Agne write-up of parent being the main determinant of their ward upbringing and the mention of another significant determinant -peer group and other environmental but however, research shows that the role of parents in the child's social, psychological and cognitive development is particularly significant and her idea of Positive parenting as a necessary skill for parents to be able to shape their children behavior. I also agree that attachment which is bonding and paying much attention to children is important. Judith Okike
DeleteAccording to Healy (2008), social work is based on the inherent values and dignity of all people and the rights derived from it. Therefore, the social worker should perform the following functions: respecting human freedom of decision; promotion of the right to participate; to treat each person as a whole; identify strengths and develop them. Self-taught social worker M. Richmond (cited in Wasik, Bryant, Lyons, 1990, p. 47) as early as 1899. wrote in the book "Friendly visiting among the poor" the need to seek the most natural and official sources of help. When it comes to family and the help of a social worker for a family, few events can bring so much joy and confusion to the home as having a baby. Often parents do not realize how much time and effort a new member requires. More tensions, fears, and often violence (psychological or physical) can occur at home. Often children raised in this way can be injured for life. The consequences of such upbringing can lead to a lack of confidence in oneself and others, inability to control oneself, and the development of various addictions.
ReplyDeleteThus, with the help of members of the parent support group, parents' social participation strategies and peculiarities of involvement in the child's education process should first be identified by experimenting with constructing an individual child's education plan. To justify and prepare high quality, useful and purposeful involvement of parents in the development and improvement of their child's development. The traditional definition of the social work process distinguishes three interrelated components: the social worker, the client, and the social environment. Identifying, enabling and engaging in informal networking adds an additional qualitative dimension to the social component of the environment, broadening its concept from the domestic to the. y. from the material, the level (which social workers usually try to improve) to the level of relationships and community. For families in need of assistance who are experiencing marginalization and social exclusion, this would be a significant step in the assistance process. The best results are often achieved when family members, relatives or other informal network members are actively involved in the assistance process.
References:
Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
Rimkus V., Žemgulienė S. (2013). SOCIALINĖS RIZIKOS ŠEIMŲ SOCIALINIO TINKLO IR JO TEIKIAMO SOCIALINIO PALAIKYMO ASPEKTAI// ISSN 1392-3137, 1169
According to Healy (2008), all people are very important in the world. People well-being, respect for person beings, tolerance for cultural differences, rights are the main tasks that analyzed and supported by global social work. Different cultures have different peculiarities. But the problems remain pretty much the same. The principles do not change when a social worker works with people from different cultures. They work with reference for the persons, his rights, his dignity. Social worker focus on person strengths, physical and emotional health.
ReplyDeleteI imagine having to lead a parent support group that is in another country with a completely different culture than my own. In my opinion, the first step for me is to get to know the new culture and analyze it carefully. I need to adapt, to understand their world that they could to accept. This is need for open hearted interpersonal communication. The other step, is to use the main principles of global social work.
There are a lot of parents in the world who have problems raising their children. Problems are similar, but changing as well as our society. But it must be mentioned that parents are not bad parents. They doing the best they can. Describing parenting in a contemporary context as a process of extraordinary activity taking place in a social context with the primary purpose of ensuring the well-being of children. (Jonyniene J., 2010)
Positive parenting is associated with proper child care, wise control, and effective help in responding to the physical, psychological, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs of the child's development. Parenthood requires knowledge and skills. Parents lacked knowledge of child needs, child development, developmental features, physical care in families experiencing violence or neglect (Liobikienė, T. N., 2009).
Parents need to assess changes in the child's behavior by observing changes or stress in the family. Family anxiety, anger, affects the child, causes stress and is reflected in the child's behavior. Therefore, in order to achieve positive changes in the child's behavior, it is necessary to change the behavior of family members. There are five basic parenting skills needed to successfully educate children: child observation and meeting needs, focusing on the child, positive assessment of child behavior, setting boundaries and rules, and meaningful penalties (Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, J., Liobikienė, T. N., 2012).
So, there are the main things I would rely on and analyze it with parents as a social worker.
References:
1. Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
2. Liobikienė, N. T., V., Rimkienė- Vyšniauskytė ,J. (2012). Gebėjimai socialinio darbo praktikoje (tėvystės ir vaikų socialinių gebėjimų lavinimas). Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas.
3. Liobikienė, N. T. (2009). Sisteminė pozityvios tėvystės raiškos ir ugdymo perspektyva. Socialinis darbas. Patirtis ir metodai.
4. Jonyniene J., (2010). Tėvystės įgūdžių lavinimo programų efektyvumo veiksnių apžvalga. VDU
Healey mentions the principle of indivisibility, which essentially means a person is entitled to their rights and the protection of them. With that being said, one matter I would discuss with parents to encourage non-violent parenting styles would be that of the child’s right to be free from violence and abuse. The United Nations has made a convention in order to protect children, some parents may not know or realize the extent to which their child has rights and protections (Healey, 2008). I would also address the studies done by Bonta (1997) which show that children observe what their parents are doing and tend to adopt similar behaviors and mentalities. In the same way, it would also be important to address what values are most important to a parent and that they want to pass on to their child. If physical violence is not one of those values, a parent may realize on their own, the need to transition to a non-violent parenting styles (Hart, Nelson, & et al., 1998).
ReplyDeleteAccording to Umubyeyi and Harris (2012), content that is necessary to promote non-violent parenting is by exploring alternative options with the parents as well as by examining together with the parents what their own religion states about violence and parenting. The two authors noticed that a common reason for violent methods of discipline was due to it being seen as the quickest form and because they were unaware of non-violent alternatives available.
As a social worker, when interacting with clients in a country and culture different than my own, I think it is important to be respectful of the customs and norms of the culture. Not only is it important to be respectful but also competent about the cultural norms and traditions, in order to provide realistic and obtainable content and goals. This step is important because my views are from a Western perspective that cannot simply be applied or applicable to different cultures. I also think that while promoting non-violent parenting it is important to present a variety of different reasons and content because it is hard to predict what may truly resonate with each parent.
References:
1. Bonta, B. (1997). Cooperation and competition in peaceful societies. Psychological Bulletin.
2. Hart, H.C., Nelson, D.A., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, S. F., McNeilly-Choque, M. (1998). Overt and Relational Aggression in Russian Nursery-School-Age Children: Parenting Style and Marital Linkages. Developmental Psychology.
3. Healey, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Umubyeyi, B., & Harris, G. (2012). Promoting non-violent parenting among refugee mothers in Durban. Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk. http://dx.doi.org/10.15270/48-4-27
I agree with Bridget. Parents are sometimes unaware and not even interested in the rights and freedoms of their children, so I think it's important to remind them and make them aware. It is so important that not only parents know the rights and freedoms of their children, but that parents themselves are aware of the rights and duties of their children as parents. Another important tip is Bridget, exploration of cultures, customs, norms and traditions in partnership with a client from another country. Knowing the customer's culture and traditions can help us understand the personal client field in which they operate and make contact easier.
DeleteWhen working with a parent support group in a country DIFFERENT than my own, work must move away from use of narrow nation-specific concepts and develop concepts of more universal relevance. Particularly salient concepts for global work are social development, human rights, multiculturism/cultural competence, social exclusion/inclusion,, security and sustanability (Healy, 2001)|. Principle 3. Treating cach personas a whole Social workers should be concermed with whole person, within the family, community, societal and natural environments and should seck to recognize all aspects of a person‘s life. My social work impact practive will be to assist and empower those in need. My goal is to have an impact on each person‘s life that I come into contact with and make a difference in their lives. My social work impact practice will be empowering individuals to identify the qualities they have within themselves that can be utilized to better their situation. Opportunities when individuals instead of what is right with them.
ReplyDeleteHealy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
Hare, Isadora. (2004). Defining Social Work for the 21st Century: The International Federation of Social Workers' Revised Definition of Social Work. International Social Work, 47, 407-424.
I agree with Asta opinion, but I thing that is very important that the social worker should establish a professional relationship of trust with
Deleteparents, to actively listen and empathically react to parents', behavior
identify the parenting model and see what skills parents need to learn or improve. And in developing parenting skills individually, professionals should remember that parents love their children the best they can; that what is self-evident and elementary to the worker may be new and incomprehensible to parents; that we can achieve parenting strengths faster
better than criticizing and observing.
According to UNICEF , Violence against children in the home and family '' the publication says , that the Consequences of violence against children include both the immediate and the personal Impacts damage That They carry forward into later childhood, adolescence and adult life. The violence that children experience in the context of home and family can lead to lifelong consequences for their health and development. They may lose trust in other human beings essential to normal human development. Learning to trust from infancy onwards through attachments in the family is an essential task for childhood, and closely related to capacity for love, empathy and development for future relationships.
ReplyDeleteParenting skills development is an important area of social work. Timely and proper organization of parent training can expect long-term effects on society. According to Healy (2008) Thus it important that social workers be prepared to
• Address internationally related cases and community problems that arise in their domestic practice
• Contributing to mutual problem solving on global social problems.
• Monitor the impact of their own national policies on other countries and peoples well -being.
If I would work in another country as a social worker who deals with parenting issues which involves violence against children. Firstly I would need to get to know the culture, statistical data and the challenges that parents faces during day to day life. I do agree with the saying that children are the mirror of the parents. The children will grow up not as the parents would like them to grow up but they will grow up from the examples they get from parents. So basically parents showing good example to the children is the main thing we would work on. And in my opinion that would be the main thing we would be working on – development skills and changes in their own behaviors. According to J. Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė and T.N. Liobikienę (2012), children learn observing their kids, to be more specific - children mirror their parents. Worst part is that they mimic not only good behavior but bad behavior as well.
The most important positive parenting principle - to grow a child encouraging , but impunity . This theory teaches parents, how to change the wrong child's behavior without punishment.
We are mirrors, and children are our reflection. They will grow up not so, what we want them to grow, but so, what are we ourselves. So positive parenting in particular, includes private parent changes and development. If you want to change the child's behavior, in particular, we have to decide, as Exchange and compare themselves. Children learn by observing their parents, or even more precisely, they simply copy their parents' behavior. Unfortunately, not only positive but also negative.
Research shows that of successful š family foundation are :
• Communication
• Affection
• Acceptance
• Togetherness
• Support
• Sharing activities
According to UNICEF ,,Violence against children in the home and family '' publication In developing countries, Parenting courses are offered by community-based parents' centers . For example, the services offered by The Parent Center in Cape Town, South Africa include:
ReplyDelete• Parent groups for mothers and babies, mothers and toddlers, and single parents
• Post-natal depression support
• Training on effective discipline for toddlers
• Training for parents of under-5s, under12s, and teenagers
• Counseling for parents and caregivers
• Violence against children in the home and family.
• Home visitation specifically to prevent family violence against children
• Training for professionals and paraprofessionals who work with children
Long-term benefits to children include improved behavioral development and school achievement, higher levels of employment, lower teenage pregnancy rates, higher socio-economic status, and reduced criminal behavior.
Global Social Work 2020 Midterm Question 1
ReplyDeleteImagine you were going to lead a parent support group in a country DIFFERENT than your own. How would you use Global social work principles that Healey describes to plan how to go about it? What content would you aim to address to promote parenting that does not encourage violence, using the ideas from readings from the class about child development and family relationships?
“International social work can be seen as the practice of social work in a country other than the home country of the social worker”. Like a social worker moves to another country to practice. (Healey, 2007)
Being a team lead in a parent support group in a country different from my mine, I am nonetheless bound by the ethics, principles and values of the NASW or IASSW, thus I am expected to gainfully impact the necessary principles and values to my team members. it is worthy to know that social work is universal and border-less. Oh yes, “the four broad priority areas: like social and economic inequalities; dignity and worth of the person (human rights); environmental sustainability; and the importance of human relationships (IASSW, ICSW, IFSW 2012) are basic values to all countries and needed by all human race. I concur with Healey et al, (Cox & Pawar 2006; Healy 2008; Hugman 2010) who argues that social work should go beyond the “use of narrow nation-specific concepts and look at the bigger picture to develop globally relevant ideas. The parents support group should understand that regardless of the society they reside, certain norms are basic, and we are accountable to raise our children in an atmosphere of peace and unity. These children model our behavior thus as parents we should be mindful of our acts and behaviors in their presence. I believe prevention is better than intervention or as we say in Nigeria “prevention is better than cure” and as parents we should be guided accordingly. The parents should model the values they want to see in their children. I will also ask the parents to carry out role plays on their different parenting styles and in so doing we all share in and learn.
These principles relevant to global social work e.g. social development, human rights, multiculturalism/cultural competence, social exclusion/inclusion, security, and sustainability” (Healy, 2001: 266) will shape my practice and intervention as I lead the parent support group. The basis of our agenda is global with respect to cultural diversity which will include: Child protection and welfare, trainings on parenting skills employing the triple P (Positive Parenting Program) which is a recommended multilevel parenting and family Support methods for the prevention of unacceptable behavior and emotional problems in Children. Triple P strategies is one of the contents I will use to promote parenting that does not encourage violence in child development and family relationships. In addition, I will propagate cooperation. I concur with the school of thought that believes cooperation (collaboration) rather than competition will foster peace amongst children and in the world at large. (Bonta, B. D. (1997) Tell your kids that there is nothing wrong in being vulnerable at times and be vulnerable yourself by opening up to them.
Conclusively, there is no one size fits all in parenting however, certain behaviors are universal in bringing up well behaved children in the world at large. Values like Love as against coercive styles and aggression, dyadic parent-child interactions(Hart et al., 1997) and spending quality time to bond with their children, giving attention and praise (children most times misbehave to get their parents attention), be nonjudgmental or belittling the child, promote cooperation etc with their child is very important in child development.
REFERENCES:
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work:
Matthew R. Sanders (Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1999) Bruce D. Bonta (1997) Cooperation and Competition in Peaceful Societies)
If I had the opportunity to set up a parent support group in another country, it would be very difficult. First of all I would be much more important to look at the country, the people of the country. And look at the country's past situation, what are the main reasons parents need such a group. Parenting skiils development is an important area of social work. Long-term impact on society can be expected through timely and proper organizatio of parent training.
ReplyDeleteWhen creating a parent support group, I think it's important to look at the abilities of parents, which are crucial to a successful parenting.
1. Observing the child and meeting needs.
2. Focus on the child.
3. Positive assessment of child behavior.
4. Setting boundaries and rules.
5. Significant penalties.
Parents often spend a lot of time at work, because of their goodness and their children, and there is a lack of communication with their children at home. There is a growing discontinuity or no parent-child connection at all. All this has a negative impact on the child, children upbringing, his / her psychological state. Therefore, it is important to promote the interiorisation of the parenthood-related responsibility during the period o f pregnancy, and the formation o f positive parenting (Gordon, 1975), i. e. acquired skills in child’s healthcare, well-being o f the family and upbringing based on a positive example, thus, becomes a significant task. Lately, one o f the most occurring problems among school-aged children has been hyperactivity, described as an increased sensory and motor activity due to some developmental or temporary disorders and causing irregular attention, superficial thinking, agitation and inability to “stay still” (Jovaiša, 1993).
M. R. Sanders and A. Ralph (2004) suggest five positive parenting practices educational levels. The first level is universal prevention. Information required by all parents is widely disseminated through the media, family clubs, camps, parent groups. Much attention is given to communication between parents, fostering family focus, recognizing and meeting the needs of the child, and issues of child development and education. The program is designed for parents raising children from birth through adolescence. The second level is targeted prevention. Programs are designed for parents who have problems raising and bringing up their children. They work individually and in groups, discuss situations that cause parents anxiety and provide information on the causes of child maltreatment. The third level is primary care. Parents who lack knowledge and skills need active care. The program begins with one-on-one meetings (1-4), followed by group work, and home visits as needed, modeling parental behavior. This program is especially applicable to single teenage mothers, to very young parents with no experience and assistance, to parents with intellectual disabilities and so on. The fourth level - standard - is the counseling and capacity building of parents raising children with severe behavioral and emotional disorders. At this level, parents volunteer for help. Working individually with parents according to their needs and problems, sometimes small groups of parents are formed. Parents can attend parenting skills training first level exercise. The fifth level is the so-called enhanced parenting program for parents of dysfunctional multi-problem families. The family is evaluated, visited, individually counseled, and family issues resolved. In addition to parenting skills, they also teach anger management, family communication, solve problems.
Reference:
Navickienė, L. J. (2014). Emocinio imitavimo metodas kaip pozityvios tėvystės formavimo priemonė. Kūrybos erdvės, (21), 74-106.
Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, J., & Liobikienė, N. T. (2010). Gebėjimai socialinio darbo praktikoje:(tėvystės ir vaikų socialinių gebėjimų lavinimas): mokomoji knyga/Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas. Socialinės gėrovės fakultetas. Socialinio darbo katedra.
I agree with Ina that parents give their children little time because they are busy, but all the problems and difficulties that come with it start. Parents are in dire need of children, and parents must pay attention to their children, care for them, educate them, talk, and most importantly, spend as much time together as possible.
DeleteJ. Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, T. N. Liobikienė also mention one of the tasks of a social worker - to be able to accurately assess a person's social situation, to effectively communicate with a person and his / her environment,
ReplyDeleteWhen starting a job in a foreign country, I would try to delve deeper into that country's culture, history and traditions, as the country's situation influences family life and the environment. According to the authors mentioned above, parenting skills are related to parents' childhood experiences and experiences in their families. Attitudes, self-judgment, and judgment are inseparable from deep subconscious processes, as are coping skills through defensive mechanisms. Parents are empowered to get to know themselves better, recognize defensive mechanisms and thus change their behavior.
In my first parent meetings, I would try to focus more on universal prevention, with a strong focus on parent-to-parent communication and family focus. To recognize group members, to find out their status in society, family, work, family composition, I would observe relationships with each other.
As stated by L.M. Healy, social work must move away from the "use of narrow nation-specific concepts and develop concepts of more universal relevance ... Particularly salient concepts for global work inclusion, security, and sustanability.
The mutual trust and respect that parents who come into the group, first and foremost from the leader of the group, must have in common. Collaboration with empathy, respect for the individual, positive role models from the group leader also encourage the parents' response to the group, and when they return home they gradually apply it at home.
I would encourage you to be open, but not necessarily speak up. During the group process, as the group begins to gain confidence, participants will become more open. Be tolerant.
Positive parenting should be fostered by providing parents with knowledge of the child's needs and the physical and emotional development of the child. And emphasize differences in the child's age and subsequent educational processes. For example, Behaviorism - the understanding that reinforcing good behavior in children can produce positive parenting outcomes, and vice versa - cannot be expected to consistently emphasize bad behavior. Each behavior is related to the situation or context and the consequences of the behavior.
If work was to take place in countries with more violence and violence, there would be parallel work on stress management. Introducing the consequences of negative parenting and the prospect of such a child growing up, i.e. low self-esteem of children, mistrust of self and others, inability to love, communication difficulties, tendency to addiction, socially unacceptable behavior, etc.
1. Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
2. Bonta, Bruce. (1997). Cooperation and competition in peaceful societies. Psychological
Bulletin, 121, 299-320.
3. Vyšniauskytė-Rimkienė, J., Liobikienė, T. N., (2012). Skills in social work practice. Parenting and children's social skills development. Educational book. Kaunas: VMU.
#EACHFOREQUAL. The theme for this year International women’s day says it all. We are all equal irrespective of our sex, weight, hue. Discrimination against women in the workplace or occupation is one of the forms of discrimination witnessed in Nigeria and all over the globe. Women are not able to move up into higher paid positions as quickly as their male counterparts –Glass ceilings, Gender pay gap; Gender Inequality in STEM fields Stem; Sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature or being labelled the weaker sex; not hired because of your sex; the employer hires women for some specific jobs. Inequality in household work and childcare is also prevalent as culturally women are discriminated against. It starts from the role of women in the home to the role of women in the community, the house chores are to be performed by the women. In America most institutions support a gendered division of labor that makes women to be active at home front and men in the workforce. As a matter of fact, women are stigmatized for working full-time, if they have children or married. Blair-Loy, Mary (2003).
ReplyDeleteDiscrimination against women is still very much on and leaves a lot to be desired. Looking at women’s peril in my country Nigeria where female children are not included in their parents will and widows are subjugated to some inhuman acts like shaving of hair and in some cases sleeping with the corpse of their husbands and the torture women experienced in the Middle East and North African states in marriage, divorce, and child custody, the jungle justice implemented by the very Government that should care for all its citizens irrespective of sex is worrisome and disheartening.
What then are Social workers and some agencies of UN and doing to mitigate this.
Social Work’s Contribution/Intervention: The social work systems approach stresses on the abating of gender inequalities in their interventions. The profession has at its front burner much to do in the advancement of the cause of global gender equality, with its widespread global history of women working together to achieve social and economic justice— (Dominelli, 2002). The profession helps in providing employment, self-actualization opportunities and empowering women through its cause. The Feministic social work theory or model of intervention is very useful and beneficial to women and children and is not limited to:
Identifying and correcting the thoughts about gender which are given to a growing child and assist clients learn to accept the right responsibility and ascertain personal values and attitudes; Teach clients that parenting is not only the responsibility of women but of both genders and that both parents will reap more if their children are raised in an atmosphere of equality and social justice.
Social work models and interventions have been advanced over the years to propagate the cause of global gender equality. Even though social work has been in the front line in the struggle for social and economic justice, ironically the profession being a predominantly female profession is plagued with lower salary and lower professional status compared to her sister professions like psychology with more male staffs even though both have the same high educational and licensure requirements for entry and advancement, it has nonetheless been affected by (gender inequality) the very acts of subjugation it aims to abolish. That notwithstanding, social workers are educated and skilled to assist the susceptible through Micro, Mezzo, and Macro practice and interventions.
Judith Okike continue.
ReplyDeleteUN INTEVENTIONS: Article 22 of the UN Convention on Discrimination against Women in Vienna states that: The human rights of women and of the girl-child are an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of universal human rights. The full and equal participation of women in political, civil, economic, social and cultural life, at the national, regional and international levels, and the eradication of all forms of discrimination on grounds of sex are priority objectives of the international community. The UN through its Universal Declaration of Human Rights advocated tremendously for the human rights as the rights of women. We saw a wind of change in UN decade for Women (1975-85).
‘My hope is for these injustice, discrimination's and heinous acts should come to an end with the realization that we all are humans and it is the same red blood that runs through our veins” Judith Okike
REFERENCES:
Blair-Loy, Mary (2003). Competing Devotions: Career and Family Among Women Executives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Nancy Gallagher Journal of Middle East women's studies vol. i, no. 3 (fall 2005). © 2005
Analyzing the Positive Parenting Methodology Book, the painful reality shows that the number of problematic or social risk families in Lithuania, where children are often neglected and various forms of violence, remains steadily high. One way to help these families is to develop their parenting skills and teach them more effective ways communicating with children, responding to children's needs and enabling successful child development. Many at-risk parents have not grown up in positive families themselves. Therefore, it is important for the social worker to find out the family's problems and to enable the family to manage their own problems. Also, build on your strengths as Healy points out. Because Healy refers to identifying and developing strengths, social workers should focus on the strengths of the client, groups, and communities, and thus promote their empowerment. In this case, when it comes to working with families in a positive way, by emphasizing and strengthening family strengths, positive change can be achieved faster than focusing on problems.
ReplyDeleteIn Lithuania, social workers pay less attention to the strengths perspective, as clients are often forced to attend positive parenting courses only under conditions. It is therefore necessary to educate the public and take responsibility for their actions and their rights. I am delighted that the rights of the child in Lithuania are strongly protected and that the family must ensure them.
Literature :
Liobikienė, T. N. (2009). Sisteminė pozityvios tėvystės raiškos ir ugdymo perspektyva. Socialinis darbas: patirtis ir metodai, (4), 107-123
Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
I really enjoyed reading your post. I found it really informative about the current state of things that relate to social work and parenting here in Lithuania, which as a foreign student I am not able to experience. I agree with your thoughts on developing communication skills and using strength and empowerment techniques. I think assisting parents develop effective communication skills to use with their children is such a beneficial idea and skill for parents to have. Not only does it encourage and provide parents with an alternative form of discipline other than violence, but it could also be beneficial for parents in their day-to-day communication with their children. I also think your point on focusing on the positive rather than the problem is an interesting perspective, that I agree with, but unfortunately not many people follow. In Canada, this perspective is becoming more popular for organizations and social workers to use, which makes me curious to see if it will soon become more widely used here in Lithuania.
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ReplyDeleteOne of the foundational concepts that Healey talks about for global social work practice is the human rights perspective which is “founded on the fundamental respect for the dignity and worth of every human being” (2008). A challenge with enforcing these concepts on a global level is the differences in values across cultures and the assumptions of what worth and dignity actually mean. Having documents like the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights helps us have at least a somewhat agreed upon definition of what human rights means regardless of gender, age, or cultural context (1948). Something that stood out in the Chen et al. article about inhibition in Chinese and Canadian children is the different assumptions of success and expectations for children that existed between cultures (1998). If I was leading a parent support group for Chinese parents, I think it would be best to provide space for parents to bring up the concerns they have and provide evidence-based literature about non-violent parenting practices as the topics of discipline arise. I would want to focus on the values the parents have in general and the values they have regarding parenting; I would want to facilitate healthy framing and discussion about those values, such as achievement and honor. I think it could be helpful to show research that proves corporal punishment and physical discipline to be ineffective and to discuss alternatives that will still promote success for their children.
ReplyDeleteReferences:
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948): http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml
Chen, Xinyin, Hastings, Paul D., Rubin, Kenneth H., Chen, Huichang, Cen, Guozhen; Stewart, Shannon L. (1998). Child-Rearing Attitudes and Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese and Canadian Toddlers: A Cross-Cultural Study. Developmental Psychology, 34, 677–686.
I think one major theme in all the readings on this subject is the idea of cultural humility. It is essential to international social work to have respect for and a desire to understand cultures that are not our own. And further, that we will never truly know everything there is to know about a culture, even the ones we live in. It is with this in mind that we must approach supporting parents in another country. Healy talks extensively about the difference between universalism and cultural relativism, essential concepts to international social workers. I believe in the universal human rights of children, but I also understand that cultural differences will affect how a child is raised1. The article on behavioral inhibition exemplifies the variance in children’s behavior as determined by parenting style and differences across cultures. Its clear given the difference in behaviors in Chinese and Canadian toddlers that an understanding of people’s culture and values can also help to explain behavior in children and in parents. Chinese parents saw independence as adaptive and valuable for their children to learn, and this influenced the children’s behavior and the results of the study2.
ReplyDeleteIt is evident that cultural values have a causal effect on parenting styles and therefore a child’s behavior, but it is difficult to alter a person’s values. The best way I can think of doing this is through education. Instead of just telling parents what to do, showing them research detailing the impacts of experiencing violence on children would be much more effective, in my opinion. Supporting parents through supervision or modeling of parenting techniques and strategies to curb violence would be incredibly helpful as well. Though it would be incredibly important through this process to not impose my values onto these families, but allow them to retain and freely express their culture.
1 Healy, L. M., (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
2 Chen, X., Hastings, P. D., Rubin, K. H., Chen, H., Cen, G.; Stewart, S. L. (1998). Child-Rearing Attitudes and Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese and Canadian Toddlers: A Cross-Cultural Study. Developmental Psychology, 34, 677–686.
To approach any parenting support group of any context both internationally or on domestic territory requires cultural humility. Adapting Healy’s discussion on cultural relativism factors in the context of where a family may be given economic, educational, cultural, and historical factors. To an certain extent there’s a semi-universal platform of parenting which orbit around safety and ensuring a future of success and how that translates depends on various factors. Looking back at Chen’s cross-cultural study between Chinese and Canadian toddlers spoke to that translated difference. Whereas Chinese families saw greater acceptance for inhibited children and Canadian families more likely to meet inhibited children with discipline there is a degree of difference between parenting style but both groups scored equally with regards to values (Chen et al, 1998). With the parenting style that is different than what I am accustomed to I would approach with a lens of learning and instead a style of facilitated group learning.
ReplyDeleteThere is a level of balance that needs to weigh in between the personal challenges and the larger consequences for a community or country. Sen posits a series of questions with regards to Social Choice Theory and begs to challenge how we consider the broad range of social welfare and its tension to majority rule voting processes (Sen, 1998). Larger conversations around social welfare, famine, and economic hardship all trickle down and impact the family unit. As a facilitator this dialogue can be brought up to consider the tug and pull between societal expectation and how as a parent the wellbeing of a child is determined and measured, larger system vs personal need. There is a high probability that a family is already to an extent aware of this discrepancy and perhaps sit in isolation thinking that unrealistic standards for their children are the norm. The strength of the parent support group arises from testimony and shared experience between parents and not necessarily a style of lecture and lessons on how to be a better parent.
References:
Chen, Xinyin, Hastings, Paul D., Rubin, Kenneth H., Chen, Huichang, Cen, Guozhen; Stewart, Shannon L. (1998). Child-Rearing Attitudes and Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese and Canadian Toddlers: A Cross-Cultural Study. Developmental Psychology, 34, 677–686.
Sen, A. (1998). The possibility of social choice. Nobel Prize in Economics Award Lecture. Available at: http://nobelprize.org/economics/laureates/1998/sen-lecture.html.
For the support group, there needs to be an open space where the parents can discuss their parenting styles and what works/what doesn’t work. Every parent is different, especially in a different country, where my culture (USA) may clash with their culture. According to Bonta (1997), countries that are based on nonviolence, base themselves on cooperation, making their children grow into those without a competitive spirit, and instead feel as part of the society (not standing out within the community). This means that I would open that door for the parents to explain their culture and family units to me, the facilitator. Not only would this give me the opportunity to learn and develop goals/interventions to help them but it gives them the power to be experts and feel heard by someone who may not understand their personal values and goals. It would also, possibly, show a family unit’s dynamics inside and outside the home. Afterwards, I would try to ask about how they may perceive other cultures, opening the door towards feelings of cooperation within the cultures and an opportunity to learn about worldly affairs/different cultures.
ReplyDeleteI wouldn’t know how international families work, especially within their different circles but that seemed to be part of Healy’s (2008) philosophy of professional action in the world. The first step would be to try and understand the context from the different families and their culture. Once the facilitator and the group talk about the different cultures and parenting styles, they could move forward and talk openly about how to improve their styles. This would open the door of learning for them. Child-rearing, on an international scale, could expand and grow from the cross-cultural comparisons of parents within the support group. Chen et al.(1998) cross studied child rearing behavior and the growth of both Chinese and Canadian toddlers, detailing the different cultures of raising children and how learning the parents’ distinct values may help in growth of raising one’s child. I would personally say to the support group to learn from each other and have them be the guides to their learning. I can provide information and write down their experiences, but the most important thing is their growth as parents, and as colleagues in the same group, learning together.
Sources:
Bonta, Bruce. (1997). Cooperation and competition in peaceful societies. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 299-320.
Chen, X., Hastings, P. D., Rubin, K. H., Chen, H., Cen, G.; Stewart, S. L. (1998). Child-Rearing Attitudes and Behavioral Inhibition in Chinese and Canadian Toddlers: A Cross-Cultural Study. Developmental Psychology, 34, 677–686.
Healy, L. M., (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThe supportive for hands-on and approachable involvement in their children’s encouraging change for their livelihood is critical. By changing aspects of neglect and abuse in poor security of relationships between parent and children is through reassuring cognizant mindfulness (Hart, Nelson, Robinson, Olsen, & McNeilly-Choque, 1998). Consistency of care, safety, and communication as a parent to reduce disciplinary issues thru introducing parental programs to improve care giving of parenting style in their own history of temperament would shape best practices unique to their influences on their children. If it takes the impact of social work involved in progression, then it has to be given the place and time to show other community developments, as individuals return or arrive from neighborhood complexities within short ranges of each other. In addition, as a social worker, approaching positive platforms to provide services such as resources on developing local guidance in the home for facilitating familial boundaries in roles of child development stages within economic, mental, physical, and social management is to practice ethical messages of delivering enriched parenting. Hence, leading real-life examples to discuss key questions and identifying patterns of concern in daily practices for a child’s welfare become realistic expectations in overall discussions. Parents and children must have a trusting relationship and/or bond that provoke self-awareness and trust in making decisions on both sides. Expressing the concerns to make the ideal choices in the lives of children from the parents’ perspective of familial, cultural, generational, and societal norms aren't fairly new to parenting. I came now to identify potential influences the areas that I need to work on such as clinical social worker in client empowerment and effective communication non-governmental versus governmental and private versus public. This is to develop best practice awareness for all education and outcome services in social services offered thru individual parent and child needs in a diverse population, predominately underserved and lack financial funding. Hence, leading real-life examples to discuss key questions and identifying patterns of concern in daily practices for a child’s welfare become realistic expectations in overall discussions (Hart et al, 1998). I know to engage the client more and help me empower individuals leading them to be active in the decisions made towards their needs in social issues such as the importance health care pursuing programs and awareness to those they influence. Evaluation of care, coping and overall treating a population treated against forms of abuse, illnesses, and trauma would be another basis in fulfilling new strategic implementation.
ReplyDeleteHart, C. H., Nelson, D. A., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, S. F., & McNeilly-Choque, M. K. (1998). Overt and relational aggression in Russian nursery-school-age children: Parenting style and marital linkages. Developmental psychology, 34(4), 687.
Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
As I imagine a parent support group using global social work principles as outline by Healey I believe it is important to highlight how these principles would look differently in a different cultural setting. The content that I would aim to address in this plan for a parent support group in another country would be the 4 Peace Building categories:
ReplyDelete1. Cultural Humility
2. peace building among generations
3. Community Peace
4. Peace building between families and inside families
The plan for going about developing this parent support group would start with cultural humility and rapport building. In this stage of the process I believe it is important to not impose my own cultural understanding of parenting and what I would consider as standards for "good" or "appropriate" parenting and let the group establish their own norms about parenting from their own cultural context. This would mean being more of a facilitator of a group than an actual group leader. This is important for peace building because it acknowledge that individual who are apart of these parenting group have autonomy and experts of their own experiences. Another piece of the plan would be making considerations for the difference among generations. One of the constructs of social knowledge is the fact that what we know is based off experiences we've had, another one of these constructs is oral storytelling from elders. In these two acts both the younger and older generations are acknowledged and given a space to be their authentic selves as well as contribute wisdom to the larger group. A 3rd construct of knowledge says that all knowledge comes from relationship processes. Within this parenting group we are practicing peace building and global social work through doing our best to eliminate as many borders or barriers as possible. Therefore, eliminating the barrier between generations is important because it provide with a framework and strategy for having group conversation in a borderless way. The third principle could be practice d through an understanding of the Nigerian phrase Umbutu, which means I am because we are. Introducing a term that is secondary to both the participant and myself would help us develop better understanding of transnational cooperation. This type of thinking is important in a parenting group like this one because because it allows each participant to imagine parenting in new ways without breaking the first principle of imposing ones own views upon another. The fourth principle, peace building between families and inside families is an act of healing social trauma.
Healy, L. M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. Oxford University Press.
One of the most important thing in our country that few years before in 2017 the Government adopted the Child Rights Fundamental Law, which prohibits all forms of child abuse. The law was passed by the Government only after a tragic accident in which a four-year-old boy was day by day killed by his parents. The principles of social work, based on respect for the inherent values and dignity of all human beings and the right deriving therefrom, are summarized. More than a social worker should support and defend the physical, emotional, and spiritual integrity and well-being of each individual.” (Healy, 2008).
ReplyDeleteAs the author writes, I think we like social workers to be more active when we work with families. The key is not to believe in parents. Believe in the child. If they lie, you will see, but they usually tell the truth all the time. If I work with groups, families, or just parents, I will use the theory of strength perspective.
The perspective of strengths is found when one finds one's own strengths. According to (Berns, 2007), the family in which the child was born is the answer to the child's social life, being raised in the family child's social roles and social skills. The family and their personal relationships the psychosocial development of the child's interaction with the person, the surrounding environment, and the relationship with the child other models of humanity as well as family members shape the characteristics of the child needed to engage in society.
Intervention is the help of social workers to the customer to improve the customer's life by changing behavior and thinking, thus empowering the person to succeed later in life. There is no single one to develop children's social skills some focus on behavioral modeling, others on instruction as needed behave appropriately, which is why, in practice, a mixed use of social skills is chosen (Vyšniauskaitė - Rimkiene, Liobikiene, 2010). The method of social work is planned and precise the work of a social worker to bring about change in a person's life that is not only aimed at changes in the current situation, but efforts are made to enable the individual to deal with the situation independently problems (Gvaldaitė, Švedaitė, 2005). States that part of the social children learn skills in everyday life, so I think parents, teachers or social workers promote appropriate behavior of children and correct inappropriate behavior. Our teacher Violeta Ivanauskiene taught us: Every client should be welcomed according to Baisek principles: do not judge, blame, accept as it is, because everyone is unique and equally valuable. You need to try to understand all people, his/her needs expectations, problems, to enable the person to solve it by himself/herself and help to find them a solution. (Johnson, 2001. The authors usually identifies basic social needs such as security, communication, achievements, self-esteem, self-expression, affection and love, but in my view all forms and forms of integration that have a positive impact are acceptable.