Question 3:
Imagine that you are invited to speak to some international policy-makers who are having a debate about the problem of poverty on a global scale. The central question is: Can global poverty be remediated? There will be a debate, one side arguing 'yes,' and using examples from countries with the lowest rates of poverty in the world (look them up!).
The other side is arguing 'no' – that those countries are unique and their strategies cannot be used in other contexts.
You are asked to argue "yes" and to respond thoughtfully to your opponent’s points.
Describe your argument: consider your opponent’s main point and how you would argue against it; use examples from our readings and others if you like about what can be done to remedy global poverty that is glocalized – using global principles in local contexts. You can include shifting narratives and cultural values as well.
According to Eurostat (2022), Romania, Bulgaria and Greece have the highest risk of poverty and social exclusion in Europe. Countries have different income-related poverty lines, making it difficult to measure poverty at a global level, and there are clear differences between Ethiopia and the United States, for example (Hasell, Roser, Ortiz-Ospina, Arriagada, 2022). In Lithuania, two groups are most affected by poverty: single parents and seniors. In my opinion, the experience of other countries can be used to reduce poverty, as it can lead to positive changes. However, it is important to take into account that countries are not the same when applying other countries' anti-poverty strategies. It is also important to give a 'voice' to the people in poverty.
ReplyDeleteReferences:
1. Eurostat. (2022). Living conditions in Europe - poverty and social exclusion. Internet access: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Living_conditions_in_Europe_-_poverty_and_social_exclusion
2. Hasell, J., Roser, M., Ortiz-Ospina, E., Arriagada, P. (2022). Poverty. Internet access: https://ourworldindata.org/poverty
Hi Guoda,
DeleteI really liked your thouths on thi question and yes, it's really difficult to say something, because there differences between Lithuania and Romania, for example. And yes, in Lithuania there are groups that there are most affected, because elderly people a lot of and also families.
Due to the prevalence and persistence of poverty, it is easy to assume that poverty is an “inevitable problem” or “ natural consequence” of society. However, the existence of countries such as Iceland, the Czech Republic, and Denmark, with the lowest poverty rates in the world, demonstrate that poverty can be mitigated or possibly even eradicated (Healthy Journal). In order to mitigate poverty, one must first analyze the cause or multiple causes. With the knowledge of the causes of poverty, one can then form a poverty-mitigation method with both multiple foundations and sustainability, as poverty is a complex problem that requires long-lasting solutions. Some of the aspects of the solution to poverty would include economic growth and enterprise, international cooperation, social investments, culture change–specifically regarding poverty stigma, and to increase the agency and self-efficacy of those who are poor. Clearly, the solution to poverty is both complex and difficult to achieve, however, with determination and motivation, poverty mitigation and even eradication is more than possible.
ReplyDeleteOne of the solutions to poverty include equitably increasing economic growth and enterprise. This aspect of poverty mitigation is important, as Seipel claims, “Well-managed growth and equitable distribution of wealth can double income within one generation, and under the right circumstance, it could cut poverty in half” (Seipel, 199). As Seipel described, economic growth is an influential tool for the mitigation of poverty, however, this economic growth and wealth distribution must be done equitably. Seipel explains this further as they say, “A growth strategy is best when it is based on growth with equity. Economic growth must benefit both rich and poor” (Seipel, 200). There are many ways that economic growth and enterprise can be achieved equitably, including through the support of micro enterprise and the creation of jobs. Overall, promoting equitable economic growth and enterprise, through micro enterprise and the creation of jobs can help to mitigate poverty.
Although mitigating or eradicating poverty will be difficult, there are many solutions that can be implemented to solve the issue of poverty. Some of these solutions include economic growth and enterprise, international cooperation, social investments, culture change–specifically regarding poverty stigma, and to increase the agency and self-efficacy of those who are poor. With international support and motivation, humanity will be able to eradicate poverty through a multifaceted and sustainable approach.
References
Gluten, dairy, sugar free recipes, interviews and health articles. (n.d.). https://www.thehealthyjournal.com. https://www.thehealthyjournal.com/faq/what-countries-have-the-least-poverty
Lister, R. (2016). ‘To count for nothing’: Poverty beyond the statistics. British Academy Lectures 2014-15, 139-166. https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265987.003.0005
Onwuegbuchulam, S. P. (2018). A capability approach assessment of poverty in the sociopolitical history of South Africa/KwaZulu-Natal. Journal of Poverty, 22(4), 287-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2017.1419529
Seipel, M. M. (2003). Global poverty. International Social Work, 46(2), 191-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872803046002005
According to World Population Review there are South Sudan, Madagascar and South Korea that there are highest risk of poverty. (World Population Review, 2023).
ReplyDeleteIn my opinion why there are so many countries at risk of poverty is that there are so many different reasons of income, different living conditions and weather conditions have also so much income to people.
I think when I have become a global social worker I would do many meetings with bigger countries's political people, presidents and I will ask for help to "grow" for those countries and also help financially. Also it have to be done equally to have affordible work places for everyone and equal rights for everyone.
References:
1. World Population Review. (2023). Poverty rate by country 2023. Internet access: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/poverty-rate-by-country
Hi Birute, I agree that there are many countries with an increased risk of poverty. It is important to look at what barriers may be causing these high rates of poverty and what can be implemented to remove these barriers. Often, individuals are not receiving basic necessities such as food, shelter, education, and childcare. These are things that should be included as human rights for everyone. I also believe it is important to bring this issue to the attention of political officials, as you mentioned. Advocacy is important in uplifting the voices of populations who are considered most vulnerable who tend to have an increased chance of poverty.
DeleteCountries with the lowest poverty rates are Iceland, Czech Republic and Denmark. These countries follow a Nordic Model that is based on a large welfare system that includes free education, strong pension programs, and universal healthcare. (The Borgen Project, 2022) This system puts an emphasis on individual wellbeing and puts value on individual labor. There is an investment in the people's work and that is portrayed in strong worker's rights, access to adequate benefits, and minimum wages that are based on the cost of living. The Nordic Model is based on core set of values that acknowledges the person as a whole and therefore, sees them as a valuable part of society that should be cared for and have their basic needs met. (The Borgen Project)
ReplyDeletePoverty is a political issue and therefore political action can eradicate poverty. That is why, as mentioned by Ruth Lister, "Demands for decent benefits and wages are emblematic of what has been dubbed a ‘politics of redistribution’ rooted in the struggle against socio-economic injustice." (Lister, 2015) Redistribution is an approach that can be implemented in countries that are considered 'underdeveloped' and that can lead to a reformation of the labor system. Reformation in turn will result in decent benefits, liveable wages, and worker's rights. Lister also addresses that there must be a shift towards a 'politics of recognition and respect' which is similar to the core values of the Nordic Model that has been proven to be effective in reducing poverty. (Lister, 2015) We must look beyond the statistics that have labeled countries with high rates of poverty as irredeemable and broken beyond repair. The concept of the 'developed' country has in turn created to concept of the 'underdeveloped' country. We must get away from absolutes and binaries that prevent positive change towards a more just society and prevents innovative approaches to eradicating poverty in the Global South.
References
1. The Borgen Project. (2022). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
2. Lister, R. (2015). To count for nothing’: Poverty beyond the statistics. Journal of the British Academy, 3(0), 139-165.
Hi, Fatima. I completely agree with your point that we must get away from absolutes and binaries that prevent positive change towards a more just society and prevents innovative approaches to eradicating poverty and we must look beyond the statistics that have labeled countries with high rates of poverty as irredeemable and broken beyond repair. Poverty has affected many aspects of human lives and limits their access to basic human rights. It must reduce structural inequalities, redistribute the benefits of wealth and growth, ensure adequate incomes, decent wages and access to quality services. Social justice emphasises equality of opportunity, recognition of difference and choice, accessibility and compensation.
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ReplyDeleteYes, global poverty can be remediated. There are many examples of countries that have successfully reduced poverty rates through a combination of global principles and local solutions.
ReplyDeleteOne such example is Norway, which consistently ranks as one of the countries with the lowest poverty rates in the world. Norway has achieved this through a combination of social welfare policies, progressive taxation, and a strong social safety net that supports its citizens, particularly those who are vulnerable or marginalized (World Bank, 2021).
Another example is Rwanda, which has made significant progress in reducing poverty rates since the 1994 genocide. Rwanda has achieved this through a combination of targeted poverty reduction programs, such as the Girinka program, which provides cows to poor households, and the One-Cow-per-Family program, which aims to improve the livelihoods of rural farmers (United Nations Development Programme, 2018).
To remedy global poverty, a glocalized approach is needed, which involves combining global principles with local solutions that are tailored to the specific context and needs of a community. This approach recognizes that poverty is not just an economic issue, but is also influenced by cultural, social, and political factors. Some strategies that can be used to remedy global poverty using a glocalized approach include:
1. Shifting Narratives: Changing the narrative around poverty to focus on the root causes and structural factors that contribute to poverty, such as inequality and discrimination, rather than blaming individuals for their poverty. This can help to mobilize support for policies and programs that address these underlying issues.
2. Cultural Values: Incorporating cultural values and beliefs into poverty reduction strategies to ensure that they are culturally appropriate and relevant. For example, the Girinka program in Rwanda is based on the traditional practice of giving cows as a sign of respect and gratitude.
3. Social Protection: Investing in social protection programs that provide a safety net for vulnerable and marginalized groups. This can include cash transfers, social insurance programs, and universal health coverage.
4. Education and Skills Development: Investing in education and skills development programs that enable individuals to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to improve their livelihoods and escape poverty.
In conclusion, global poverty can be remediated through a combination of global principles and local solutions that are tailored to the specific context and needs of a community. This approach involves addressing the root causes of poverty, investing in social protection and education, and incorporating cultural values and beliefs into poverty reduction strategies.
References:
1. United Nations Development Programme. (2018). Rwanda: From genocide to a model of development. https://www.undp.org/content/dam/rwanda/docs/publications/UNDPRW_GenocideModelDev_May2018_web.pdf
2. World Bank. (2021). Poverty and shared prosperity 2020: Reversals of fortune. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34496/9781464816024.pdf
Yes, poverty can be eradicated, an example of this is Norway, which has become one of the model countries whose strategies have been marked by the creation of new educational and health models aimed at generating wealth and reducing social inequalities, also ensuring to reduce the effects of climate change.
ReplyDeleteTaking into account the Human Development Index (HDI) designed in 1990 by the economists Mahbub ul-Haq and Amrtya Sen based on the variables of health (life expectancy), education (literacy rate), wealth (GDP per capita), security, gender inequality, extreme poverty and material footprint (carbon dioxide emissions), Norway is the country that occupies the first position in the ranking with the lowest poverty rate.
After the Second World War, the strategy to follow was to promote a large social investment, combining social and economic policies based on fair, sustainable, inclusive and transparent development in the management of natural resources with which they have managed to practically eliminate poverty rates. currently.
Education and health are considered as priority objectives, being completely free services paid for by the State, following the lines of the Nordic model of Welfare States. They believe that education is the foundation of the future and that health is necessary for the proper functioning of the population. These are measures that can definitely be replicated worldwide.
This combination of education and health has generated an increase in wealth equally among the entire population, also including gender equality and achieving that in Norway female labor participation is 20% higher than the average for the European Union (Eurostat).
To achieve all of this, political action must be accessible to the citizen, causing a high level of democratic control and thus generating confidence and stability that attracts foreign investors.
A key point that has been implemented in Norway, which has made it possible to greatly reduce poverty rates and which should be able to be replicated in other countries is the following: there is great respect between the different political parties and, although they may disagree in its program, when a new legislature takes office, the opposition will not undo the actions carried out by the ruling party previously. Thus, alternation in power and the continuity of the development of social policies in favor of the population are guaranteed.
References:
- Aquae Foundation. (2021, March 28). Norway: an example against poverty - Aquae Foundation. Fundación Aquae. https://www.fundacionaquae.org/noruega-ods-fin-pobreza/
- United Nations. (nd). End poverty | United Nations. https://www.un.org/es/global-issues/ending-poverty
- Eurostat. Statistics Explained. (nd). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Income_poverty_statistics/en
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThe countries with the lowest rates of poverty in the world are Iceland, the Czech Republic, and Denmark (The Borgen Project, 2022). In 2021 Iceland had a poverty rate of 4.9%, which is the lowest rate worldwide. The lasting low rates of poverty in Iceland are due to factors like work satisfaction and social services. Iceland is a highly unionized country, meaning that employees are joined together under a representative to advance their common employment terms and conditions. This often has to do with workers wages, which are relatively high and equal among genders in Iceland. This unionization, therefore, helps to ensure that workers' employment conditions are satisfactory, which contributes to decreased poverty rates. Iceland also stresses the importance of funding pension systems, which ensures that retired persons remain out of poverty through regular payments made to them. The Iceland government supports the reduction of poverty by ensuring that there are sickness funds, rehabilitation funds for ill or injured workers, and funds for the education of lower skilled workers. This helps to decrease poverty in that these funds provide safety nets for people by providing them resources so that they can stay out of poverty (The Borgen Project, 2022). Iceland also stresses the importance of social services in decreasing poverty. Schools and universities are free to attend, which contributes to higher education levels and jobs that pay more. It allows for equal access to education to reduce inequality between different groups of people. Health care is mostly covered by taxes, which ensures equal access to health care for all and ensures that income level does not stand in the way of receiving adequate care. Iceland also provides unemployment insurance, which is necessary for keeping unemployed individuals out of poverty until they are able to secure a new job. Pensions for old age and those with disabilities are also important in preventing poverty by providing income for those who are no longer able to work. Keeping vulnerable populations out of poverty helps Iceland decrease their poverty rates as a whole. Iceland further focuses on social services by providing family and childbearing allowances and sickness benefits. These benefits help to ensure that families are able to remain above the poverty level and ensures that those who are sick are still able to live above the poverty line. Housing initiatives have helped Iceland successfully tackle poverty in that they guarantee that low income families have access to shelter while saving money or looking for employment opportunities (The Borgen Project, 2022). It is evident that through high work satisfaction rates and these social services, Iceland has been able to effectively combat poverty.
ReplyDeleteThe Czech Republic has a poverty rate that rests at 8.5%, which is the second lowest poverty rate worldwide (The Borgen Project, 2022). Factors that contribute to this country’s success include economic growth, taxes and transfers, and a changing minimum wage. The Czech Republic has a high share of manufacturing, meaning that there are an abundance of jobs. When there are more jobs available, there are more opportunities for paid employment, which reduces poverty. Tax reliefs and social transfers are also supported by this country. This helps to reduce poverty in that tax reliefs reduce financial burdens and social transfers lighten financial burdens through cash benefits. The changing minimum wage is also an essential factor in reducing poverty in that the minimum wage is increased and reevaluated every year so that it rises alongside the average wage. This makes it possible for those making a living off of minimum wage to have a good standard of living (The Borgen Project, 2022). Again, it is evident that these government services work in ways to help reduce poverty. (part 1)
Denmark has a poverty rate of 12.3% and is the third ranking country in terms of low poverty rates (The Borgen Project, 2022). Denmark’s poverty remains low for similar reasons when compared to Iceland and the Czech Republic. Poverty is reduced through high employment rates and worker’s rights. The Youth Guarantee Scheme is an example of an effective employment program that reduces poverty in that it guarantees that everyone below the age of 25 receives training, work experience, or a job within 4 months if they are not educated or employed by that time. Denmark also provides low income housing. This reduces poverty in that it provides affordable rent prices for vulnerable families that are either in poverty or close to falling in poverty. Poverty is also decreased in Denmark through child benefit systems and publicly funded daycare and education. This is essential for vulnerable families in helping to ensure their children live above the poverty level. Finally, health care is largely free here. This helps to reduce the chance of falling into poverty in that people are not burdened by medical and prescription bills (The Borgen Project, 2022). These services serve as preventative measures to help reduce the chance of falling into poverty, while also providing support for those who are already living in poverty.
ReplyDeleteThese three countries follow the approach that places an emphasis on welfare to ensure a sufficient standard of living. If other countries follow this approach, they too can decrease their poverty levels. This stance is in line with the capability approach and the relational-symbolic understanding of poverty. The capability approach holds that people who live in poverty lack freedom, opportunities, and capabilities, recognizing that there are many factors that contribute to poverty that go beyond the individual (Onwuegbuchulam, 2018). This approach includes both relative deprivation and capability deprivation. Relative deprivation includes the lack of resources necessary to achieve what individuals need, while capability deprivation includes the lack of resources necessary to achieve what individuals want to do. Thus, poverty is defined in both economic terms and other factors that impact an individual’s functioning (Onwuegbuchulam, 2018). If programs are set in place to alleviate some of the financial hardships, capabilities of the individual can be improved, which will support the reduction of poverty in poverty stricken countries. The relational-symbolic understanding of poverty is also essential in reducing poverty, as exemplified by these three countries with low poverty rates (Lister, 2015). If experiences of those living in poverty are taken into account, they are more likely to destigmatize poverty and create policy through the use of ethos. The us vs. them rhetoric justifies social distancing from poverty by labeling them as undeserving, when in actuality poverty is a result of systematic oppression (Lister, 2015). By reducing this type of language through policies and practices that support people living in poverty like those in Iceland, the Czech Republic, and Denmark, other countries can also begin to decrease their poverty rates and destigmatize those living in poverty. It is evident that while culture change may be difficult, it is necessary to introduce legislation that supports those living in poverty, as this de-stigmatizes people living in poverty and provides opportunities to get out of poverty.
References:
Lister, R. (2015). "‘To count for nothing’: Poverty beyond the statistics." Journal of the British
Academy 3: 139-165.
Onwuegbuchulam, S. P. C. (2018). "A Capability approach assessment of poverty in the
sociopolitical history of South Africa KwaZulu Natal." Journal of Poverty 22(4):
287-309
The Borgen Project. (2022, November 9). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates.
BORGEN. Retrieved March 13, 2023, from
https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
(1) Global poverty can be remedied, but only with the exposure and active work understand and eradicate poverty on the basis of identity. Nordic countries such as Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway have the world’s lowest poverty rates. These nations claim this to be because of their low unemployment rates, governmental transparency, and total individual autonomy (Borgen Project, 2020). All of these practices can be completely applicable in other countries. The biggest divide lies on the historic and deeply systemic inability to obtain resources and wealth on the basis of race and identity. It can be argued, and is important to note, that Nordic countries do not have a prevalent history of colonization and their populations consist of primarily white individuals. Therefore, the eradication of poverty comes without the outstanding issues of remedying imperialism on the indigenous communities of color on a global level. However, this can be combated. On a global level the three priorities should be: education, employment, and the environment in order to eradicate poverty. For education, on a global level having humans across the globe educated and literate can promote healthy autonomy, independence, and ability to provide/engage with their community (Giovetti, 2022). This global principle also intersects with the main argument of opposition: history of disenfranchised communities. Creating educational programs that teach communities of the history of colonization, slavery, and genocide can prepare children of all backgrounds to understand the context of their environment in a more educated way in order to prevent atrocities on the basis of identity. The efforts of expanding education and prioritizing and factual education of the history of humans could create a different attitude for future generations and the possibility to eradicate hate against vulnerable populations. Locally, education reform includes expanding school funding, educator job openings, child advocacy, and the promotion of literacy. Education has the potential to increase the self determination and autonomy of individuals, but also educate future generations of the history of colonization, imperialism, and slavery that has led to these disparities of wealth across different communities.
ReplyDelete(2) The second principal is employment. The increase of education allows for more people to be qualified for “higher educated” jobs which stimulate the economy. Higher earning families and individuals are able to spend more money and contribute to a higher financially functioning society. The final effort of employment would be hiring locals from underserved communities for their own community projects and job opportunities. Many times, mission groups utilize their own members from wealthy countries to develop, when in reality community leaders and members should have the autonomy and resources over their own community. This could fluctuate the power of a community and increase employment. This philosophy was demonstrated in the case example of Vieques, Puerto Rico. Although this case example focuses on de-militarization rather than employment, the philosophy stands true that nations/territories that have been colonized and suffered centuries of imperialism can thrive without external exploitation on resources, humans, and employment opportunities (Idalí Torres, 2005). In Vieques, dismantling the oppressive external military presence would give their nation self-autonomy, and relates to the idea of employment searches and projects within a nation to restore their own socio-economic systems.
ReplyDeleteFinally, the issue of the environment. The access to clean water, food, and shelter are fundamental human rights that global social workers understand is the baseline for humanity. Issues of poverty and social injustice can not be fully combatted if communities are not having their basic needs met. Fighting environmental concerns and assuring communities have access to these basic rights would nourish humans to and could shift the focus to the additional human rights concerns on the basis of equality. Additionally, promoting local agriculture to eradicate environmental concerns and food insecurity could create new employment opportunities and help communities (Niranjan Dev Bharadwaj et al., 2016).
It is also important to note a fundamental philosophical perspective derived from Healy’s International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World, that in many cases the sheer acknowledgement that there are fundamental wrongs in our society and the “take off” to attack these issues is a pure representation of development. While it alone can not completely eradicate global poverty, some societies view development as the final step and most important part of the process.
While these principles are broad and contain dependency on financial aid and other global organizations, it proposes the idea that human rights and an understanding for the disparities between communities are at the center of global poverty. The ability to be educated, understand systemic indifferences, the emphasis of empathy, job creation, and community sustainability are all part of global social work and their principles to end global poverty.
I do believe that global poverty can be remediated. The Nordic Model is a great example of how this can happen. This model has an emphasis on welfare for their citizens, which can include free education, free health care, and a strong pension system (Borgen Magazine). In the U.S., the average cost of college is $35,551 a year (Hanson, 2022), and the average cost of health care per person is $7,911 a year (KFF, 2022). With the average income at around $50,000 a year, it is no wonder the U.S. sits at an almost 15% poverty rate. On the other side of the spectrum, we see that many of the countries with the highest poverty rates are located in Africa, who struggle with lack of shelter, limited access to clean water resources, food insecurity, lack of access to health care, government corruption, poor infrastructure, and limited or dwindling natural resources (Compassion International). Going back to the Nordic Model, we have countries like Iceland, Czech Republic, and Denmark which sit at some of the lowest poverty rates (Borgen Magazine). Iceland is successful with work satisfaction, where workers have the ability to negotiate things like wages, pension, sickness funds, rehabilitation, and more. This aims to reduce and prevent poverty by focusing on the welfare of employees which allows them to unionize and avoid government corruption. They also focus on social services, which means that universities are free to attend and health care is covered by taxes. For low-income families, there are housing opportunities and access to shelter. The Czech Republic focuses on economic growth, taxes and transfers, and the minimum wage. Denmark focuses on high employment rates and workers rights, low-income housing, low child poverty, and health care. I believe that countries with higher poverty rates would benefit from the implementation of the Nordic Model, or something similar. This would have to include cooperation from the government, which may be difficult due to the control and corruption that exists.
ReplyDeleteReferences
Hanson, M., & Checked, F. (2023, February 16). Average cost of college [2023]: Yearly tuition + expenses. Education Data Initiative. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://educationdata.org/average-cost-of-college
Huq, S. (2022, July 25). 3.4 million more children in poverty in February 2022 than December 2021. Columbia University Center on Poverty and Social Policy. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://www.povertycenter.columbia.edu/news-internal/monthly-poverty-february-2022
Poverty in Africa. Understanding and Addressing Poverty in Africa - Compassion International. (n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://www.compassion.com/poverty/poverty-in-africa.htm
Poverty rate by country 2023. (n.d.). Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/poverty-rate-by-country
Project, T. B. (2022, November 9). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
Published: Oct 27, 2022. (2022, November 9). 2022 employer health benefits survey - section 1: Cost of health insurance. KFF. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://www.kff.org/report-section/ehbs-2022-section-1-cost-of-health-insurance/
Poverty is a manmade issue that is rooted in the exploitation of vulnerable groups, which are also racialized. People facing poverty also suffer from hunger, disease, violence, and sometimes even death (Seipel, 2007, p. 290). With this being said, poverty can be remediated by political means. The UN general assembly states, “poverty is closely associated with racism and contributes to the persistence of racist attitudes and practices which in turn generate more poverty” (Eaddy, 2015, p. 2). To fully eradicate poverty, the issue of racism also must be tackled. It is also essential to include historical contexts such as slavery, colonization, and neocolonialism when discussing poverty, especially the difference between “global north and global south” countries.
ReplyDeletePoverty exists in every part of the world. However, some countries such as Denmark, Finland, and Sweden have created policies to disrupt these trends. And there is no reason other countries cannot implement such policies to provide these vulnerable populations to thrive in their environment. These countries have extensive welfare programs aided by the government. According to the Borgen Project, these programs aids help parents raise children through a year of paid paternity or maternity leave. However, despite these efforts, even in Denmark, poverty rates continue to increase (Borgen Project, 2021).
Innovative ideas that tackle poverty need to be introduced. Social welfare programs are only masking the issues. Economic growth in certain countries and predatory loaning practices by the World bank on global south nations contribute to these rising inequalities. For instance, “the richest 10 percent in Guatemala, for instance, have about 78 times more income than the poorest 10 percent” (Seipel, 2007, p. 198). This data was from 2003, and these statistics have probably increased. In the United States, the top ten percent hold about 90 percent of the wealth. Remediated poverty also must include equitable distribution of that wealth. This can take many forms, such as policies to hold corporations accountable for theft of wages or outsourcing their jobs to global south countries due to lack of regulation.
Furthermore, global south countries face the threat of high external debts from the IMF and the World Bank, making it difficult for them to address poverty among their citizens. According to Seipel, some countries spend more on these obligatory debts than their country’s annual GDP. For example, in 1996, Uganda spent $3 per person on health care but $17 per person on external debt ((Seipel, 2007, p. 198). Welfare programs will not solve the problem if these issues are not tackled from the roots—policies eradicating the increasing gap between the rich and the poor must be introduced globally.
References:
Herbetko, J. (2021). POVERTY IN DENMARK – 3 FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW. BorgenProject.
Seipel, M. M. O. (2003). Global poverty. International Social Work, 46(2), 191–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872803046002005
Iceland, the Czech Republic and Denmark are the countries with the lowest poverty rates in the world. The Nordic countries aim to ensure a high quality of life for citizens and pay a lot of attention to it. In the Nordic countries, culture plays an important role in preventing poverty. In these countries, people understand not only that a person‘s work has a value, but also that the person himself is a valuable as a whole. Despite being the only non-Nordic country to make the list of countries with the lowest poverty rates, the Czech Republic seems to have similar values to Iceland or Denmark. All these countries aim to provide citizens with free education and health care, aim to increase job satisfaction of individuals, involve individuals in employment, ensure that even low-income families can get shelter (The Borgen Project, 2022). Based on the experiences of these countries, it is clear that the problem of global poverty can be corrected or at least reduced. In order to solve this complex and urgent problem, in my opinion, it is necessary to unite the forces of developing and already developed countries, pay attention to the main aspects that increase the level of poverty, and act together for the welfare of poor people. According to Lister (2015), the „politics of redistribution“ arose from the desire to fight social and economic injustice, to receive decent benefits and wages. He also says that we must follow the model of the Nordic countries, their values, as they have been proven to help effectively reduce the level of poverty. In my view, apart from redistributing income, providing free education and health care and etc., there are several other steps that can help reduce poverty: promoting gender equality, promoting poverty-reducing income growth (Taniguchi and Xiaojung, 2003), and reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS and other diseases braking.
ReplyDeleteReferences:
1. Lister, R. (2015). „To count for nothing‘: Poverty beyond the statistics.“ Journal of the British Academy 3, p.139-165
2. Taniguchi, K. and Xiaojung, W. (red). (2003). Micro-and macroevidence on the impact of undernourishment. Nutrition intake and economic growth: studies on the cost of hunger, p. 1-21. Rome: FAO.
3. The Borgen Project. (2022). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
This problem started when, at the end of the Cold War in 1989, the 1990s were full of hope for stability and social development. Analysts predicted a new period in which social concerns, particularly those arising from underdevelopment and poverty, were going to find answers, as they would undoubtedly enter the agendas of the world's most important social actors, and development finance institutions would undoubtedly enter the agendas of governments and development finance institutions. The underlying reason for this effervescence was the assumption that the end of the the end of the Cold War and the emergence of an era of stability free of ideological clashes and military threats ideological clashes and military threats facilitated a restructuring of priorities, the dividends freed up from war spending and investment in armaments to be devoted to the promotion of social development and, consequently, the fight against poverty. (Geographic, 2020)
ReplyDeleteHowever, the 1990s left thousands of people frustrated. The expected stability and improvement of living conditions in many regions of the world did not materialise. Instead, tensions and conflicts broke out. There is no need to need not recall Rwanda or the former Yugoslavia.
In my opinion, I think that global poverty could be remediated but, in order to achieve that aim, we need to take some measures. We ought to start by establishing a law with the fundamental principles of ending hunger and malnutrition, universal health coverage. In addition, the government should invest in institutions that guarantee universal access to quality education. Other important measure include increasing investment in the development of impoverished regions and communities and tackling gender inequality.
We do not have to forget that the main aim is provide sufficient and predictable means for developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, to implement policies and programs aimed at ending poverty in all its dimensions. (Matala, 2020)
The Spanish government contributes to the global project called “Agenda 2030”, which aims at recognizing that ending poverty in all its forms everywhere is the greatest global challenge facing the world today and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development. ON has, as one of the keys to achieving this is to ensure significant resource mobilisation, including enhanced international development cooperation. (ONU, 2021) (Belarra, 2020)
References:
Belarra, I. (2020). Ministerio de Hacienda y Asuntos Sociales. Obtenido de https://www.mdsocialesa2030.gob.es/agenda2030/index.htm
Geographic, N. (2020). Obtenido de https://www.nationalgeographic.es/tema/contenido/gente-y-cultura/nivel-socioeconomico/pobreza
Matala, T. (2020). Fundació Alfons Comín. Obtenido de Fundació Alfons Comín: http://www.fdacomin.org/media/20100322163832_TshimpangaMatala.pdf?PHPSESSID=danmcc7aenfbut09k1ccu6pkt7#:~:text=En%20los%20pa%C3%ADses%20en%20v%C3%ADas%20de%20desarrollo%2C%20la%20pobreza%20humana,humana%2C%20alrededor%20del%2040%25.
ONU. (2021). Organización de Naciones Unidas. Obtenido de Organización de Naciones Unidas: https://www.un.org/es/global-issues/ending-poverty#:~:text=La%20pobreza%20y%20los%20Objetivos%20de%20Desarrollo%20Sostenible%20(ODS)&text=Una%20de%20las%20claves%20para,cooperaci%C3%B3n%20internacional%20para%20el%20desarrollo.
A) According to the World Bank, the countries with the lowest poverty rates in the world Norway; Denmark; Switzerland; Finland; Iceland; Netherlands; Luxembourg; Sweden; Austria; Germany. It is important to note that poverty rates can vary depending on how poverty is defined and measured, and that even countries with low poverty rates can have high income inequality and poor areas. Countries such as Denmark, Norway and Switzerland, for example, consistently have some of the lowest poverty rates in the world. These countries have implemented policies and programs that prioritize social welfare and economic equality, such as progressive taxation, universal healthcare and education. They also took a multidimensional approach to poverty, recognizing that poverty is not just a lack of income, but also a lack of access to basic services, social networks and opportunities.
ReplyDeleteMy opponent's main point seems to be that global principles of poverty eradication cannot be effectively applied to local situations due to the diversity of cultural values and narratives around the world. However, I believe that despite cultural differences, there are general principles of poverty reduction that can be applied in different contexts. For example, the United Nations created The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of universal principles aimed at eradicating poverty, promoting education and improving healthcare, among other things. These principles are based on a global consensus that poverty is a major problem that needs to be addressed. The Sustainable Development Goals provide countries with a roadmap to address poverty and its root causes, such as inequality, lack of education and access to basic services. By cooperating and sharing best practices, countries can learn from each other and accelerate poverty reduction. While cultural values do affect the application of these principles, that doesn't mean they don't apply. For example, some rural areas in Africa have introduced mobile banking to improve financial inclusion, one of the Sustainable Development Goals. The solution takes into account the lack of infrastructure and literacy in these areas while pursuing the goal of financial inclusion. In addition, it is important to consider the role of changing narratives and cultural values in poverty reduction. For example, there has been a shift to a more participatory approach, with communities involved in the development process rather than just being passive aid recipients. This approach recognizes the agency of local communities and empowers them to take responsibility for their own development. In addition, there is growing awareness of the importance of indigenous knowledge and practices in poverty alleviation, emphasizing the need to respect cultural diversity. In conclusion, while cultural values and narratives vary across the world, there are some general principles that can be used to alleviate poverty. We must adopt a glocal approach, adapting global principles to local contexts while respecting core principles. In addition, we must consider changing narratives and the role of cultural values in poverty reduction, recognizing local community agency and respecting cultural diversity.
B) Refferences:
ReplyDeleteNarayan, S. Study of the Concept of Intergenerational Equity and Sustainable Development with special emphasis on Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020. Internet access: https://www.academia.edu/download/71364061/Study_of_Intergenerational_equity_ver2.0.pdf
Guterres, A. (2022). The sustainable development goals report 2022. United Nations publication issued by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1-68. . Internet access https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022.pdf
Atamanov, A., Lakner, C., Mahler, D. G., Tetteh Baah, S. K., & Yang, J. (2020). The effect of new ppp estimates on global poverty. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/f53533c8-b700-5f8f-a3d1-ee95784fd717/content
Seipel, M. M. O. (2003). Global poverty. International Social Work, 46(2), 191–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872803046002005
It is possible but in order to remediate global poverty a lot of work will need to be done. Poverty is a complex issue and perpetuated by systemic problems that keep people in poverty and stop them from succeeding. People fall into poverty for a variety of reasons and most of them are out of their control. Whether it was a loss of a job, a medical issue that keeps them from working, or being born into a society with little resources, it isn’t their fault and as global social workers and a global community we need to do something to help them. When researching this issue the article Global Poverty No Longer an Untouchable Problem was incredible helpful and had great suggestion. The authors gave a background on the issues as a whole and then various ideas of what can be done about these problems. The first point they touched on was economic growth and this is vital to the reduction of poverty. It would be nearly impossible to end global poverty without economic growth but as they mention in the article, the wealth needs to be distributed equally and fairly in order for it to benefit all people. Growth with equity was the next point they included and this is also integral to the success of people trying to get out of poverty. In order for people to move out of poverty there needs to be an expansion of industries and opportunities. This leads into the next element which is job creation. Not having a job makes it next to impossible for a person to get out of poverty or to make any money at all. So job expansion is a necessary part of economic growth and therefore ending the cycle of poverty. There are many more elements and things that play into a solution but these 3 are arguably the most necessary in order to create real change.
ReplyDeleteReferences
Seipel, M. (2003, March). Global poverty: No longer an untouchable problem. Sage Journals. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020872803046002005
Hey Megan! The article you are talking about is very interesting and I plan to read more of it! I really agree with you, economic growth is so important. When I was researching for my response, information about nordic countries kept popping up. Wealth should be distributed in the best interest of everyone and that was something these articles talked about and things like free education, cost-free health care and a strong pension system. All of these things would combat poverty in the long run. Also yes, Job growth is so vital, I completely agree. Overall, I really enjoyed reading your response!
DeleteThat’s so true Megan, a lot of work will need to be done in order to achieve ratification of global poverty. The systemic problems of poverty inevitably cause them to stay in a perpetual cycle of poverty. Economic growth is a key factor in progressing away from global poverty. Expansion of jobs for people in poverty can also be key to getting on a sustainable path of living, as they’ll be able to support themselves financially.
Delete3) Social relations are made up of inequality: inequality of social class, gender, race and disability. Poverty is experienced as a shameful and harmful social relationship, an unfavorable and insecure economic and, I believe, social situation. People living in poverty are shamed, stigmatized and discriminated against. Such a situation in a family living in poverty has a particularly painful impact on children and their development. An important key to "empowering" parents is to treat them with respect in an open, informal, non-judgmental way. The connection between poverty and shame causes social and psychological pain. Women experience it more often, and for men, poverty reduces their ability to adhere to socially constructed "masculinity norms". In the fight against poverty, the feelings of demoralization, hopelessness and lack of control that poverty creates are overwhelming. Poverty is often particularly associated with poor physical and mental health and can impair people's daily functioning. Poverty, as a violation of human rights, becomes a problem, deprives a person of dignity, and the person himself is not valued. Disrespect, while less aggressive than direct insults, can take an equally offensive form. The concept of poverty considers not only resources but also the opportunities, choices, security and power necessary for an adequate standard of human life. Human rights counter- discourse- when a person refuses to be ashamed of poverty. In order to shift anti-poverty policies from shame- promoting policies to dignity- promoting policies, policy reform should begin with a critical assessment of its formulation.
ReplyDeleteLister, R (2015). “To count for nothing: Poverty beyond the statistics”. Journal of the British Academy 3:139-165.
Yes, countries can reduce global poverty. There are excellent examples and discoveries on how this can be done.
ReplyDeleteOne example of a country that has successfully implemented these principles is Botswana. In the 1960s, Botswana was one of the poorest countries globally, but through effective policies and investments in education and healthcare, they have made significant progress in reducing poverty. The country's poverty rate fell from 59% in the 1980s to 16.3% in 2016.
Moreover, it is essential to recognize that the strategies for poverty reduction cannot be one-size-fits-all. Countries need to adapt these global principles to their specific economic, social, and cultural contexts. For instance, the approaches that have been effective in Botswana may not work in other countries such as India, Bangladesh, or Nigeria.
One example of such an approach is the Self-Help Group (SHG) approach. This approach was developed and implemented in India, and it has been effective in reducing poverty in the country. The SHG approach involves organizing poor people in a group and enabling them to access finance, develop business skills, and improve their livelihoods. The approach has been successful in promoting entrepreneurship, boosting financial inclusion, and reducing poverty in rural areas of India.
Another example is the Proyecto Hombre approach implemented in Spain, which focuses on a holistic approach to poverty reduction. It combines social and psychological support to help people overcome poverty, addiction, and social exclusion. The approach has been successful in reducing poverty and promoting social integration among the most vulnerable groups in Spain.
In conclusion, while poverty is a complex issue, global poverty can be remediated through a combination of universal principles and localized approaches. The examples from Botswana, India, and Spain demonstrate that poverty reduction is achievable, and effective policies can be adapted to different contexts. By understanding the local context and needs of a particular country or region, policymakers can develop effective strategies to reduce poverty and improve the livelihoods of the poorest people.
References:
The World Bank. (2021). Botswana. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/botswana/overview
Duvvuru, J., & Choudhury, M. (2019). Self-help group approach and poverty reduction in India.
Journal of Rural Studies, 67, 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.02.006
Roche, J., Fernández, M. I., & Garrido, M. J. (2019). The Proyecto Hombre approach: A model for social and psychological integration. The European Journal of Counselling Psychology, 8(2), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v8i2.167
I believe that global poverty can indeed be remediated, and I will use examples from countries with low poverty rates to support my argument.
ReplyDeleteMy opponents argue that the strategies used in low-poverty countries cannot be replicated in other contexts. However, I believe that while every country faces unique challenges, there are global principles that can be applied to local contexts to reduce poverty.
One of these principles is investing in education. Countries with low poverty rates, such as Finland, have a strong education system that prioritizes equality and accessibility. By investing in education, individuals are given the skills and knowledge they need to participate in the workforce, earn higher wages, and escape poverty. In fact, research has shown that education is one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty (UNESCO, 2018).
Another principle is ensuring access to basic services such as healthcare and clean water. Countries like Sweden and Norway have universal healthcare and strong social safety nets, which help to prevent people from falling into poverty due to illness or unexpected life events. Similarly, providing access to clean water can help to reduce the burden of waterborne diseases that disproportionately affect those living in poverty.
My opponents may argue that these strategies cannot be applied in other contexts due to cultural differences. However, I believe that cultural values can be shifted to promote poverty remediation. For example, the Bhutanese government measures progress through a Gross National Happiness index rather than Gross Domestic Product, prioritizing the well-being of citizens over economic growth. This cultural shift has allowed Bhutan to prioritize policies that reduce poverty and improve well-being, such as investing in education and healthcare (World Bank, 2020).
In conclusion, while every country faces unique challenges, there are global principles that can be applied to local contexts to reduce poverty. Investing in education, ensuring access to basic services, and promoting cultural values that prioritize well-being can all contribute to poverty remediation. I encourage policymakers to take a global perspective on poverty remediation while adapting strategies to their specific context.
References:
UNESCO. (2018). Education and Poverty Reduction. Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-and-poverty-reduction
World Bank. (2020). Bhutan. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bhutan.
. Talking about reduce of poverty, first of all we need to understand the phenomenon. Poverty is as a shameful and disruptive social relationship, as well as as an unfavourable and insecure economical situation. Poverty either at social or interpersonal level is relative, because poverty is caused by others and by individual itself. The psychosocial experience of poverty is shame and stigmatising and discriminatory practice which is experienced by poor people. The material and social aspects of poverty are intertwined so that social relations are caused by inequalities of social class, gender, race, disability or age, which is causing experience of poverty. Society has to recognise the agency of people living in poverty and their ability to act. A human rights perspectives require that everyone is equally worth of recognition, respect and honourable treatment. Poverty undermines human’s dignity therefore it is important to assess not only resources but also the opportunities, choices, security and power that ensure an adequate standard of living and other conditions. Basic income protection should allow people to live with dignity, but the reality is different and many people do not receive sufficient benefits and wages to live in dignity. Social workers have to try to achieve social justice and fight with psychological and emotional issues and problems but not only solve financial problems. Social workers have to involve poor people into the fight for social justice because these citizens have equal rights and have right to act accordingly.
ReplyDeleteLet’s take a look at Colombia’s example, which has reached significant reduction of poverty in recent years by allowing and integrating big number women into the labour market. This illustrates how important is to strive to eliminate gender inequalities, where particular attention should be paid to the cultural aspects of change. If we take a look at the Israeli-Palestinian conflict’s example, we can see how this conflict has led to increase of poverty in societies, increased inequality and a decrease in the government's commitment to the needs of its people. Once the conflict has been overcome, the money could be transferred to raise the economy, reduce poverty and building strong social networks among and between societies. These examples show how important is to ensure equality between women and men and to maintain peace in order to reduce poverty in a country. (1 part)
Another example is of South Africa, where there has been decades of social, economic and political disenfranchisement of the majority of African people as a result of the apartheid system. Poverty, inequality, unemployment and poor social services are the main challenges that raise the question of whether the problem of poverty is properly conceptualised in this context. Poverty is a long term problem and a concern of international organisations such as the World Bank, the IMF and United Nations agencies. Poverty occurs when people lack the resources to feed themselves, to participate in activities and to have the living conditions and amenities at normal and acceptable standards in the society to which they belong. In terms of the main causes of poverty in South Africa, a behavioural (cultural) and structural perspective can be distinguished. People's misbehaviour and resulted poverty is passed from one generation to another, but capacity of building cannot be the sole responsibility of the individual, but the state apparatus and the roles of other stakeholders are important here. Structurally, poverty based in social policies and social structures which eliminates opportunity from the people to achieve economic and social success. Social workers have to consider gender, class and racial discrimination when they are thinking about causes of poverty. Poverty occurs when certain state apparatus doesn’t help individuals to achieve freedom and skills they need and as a result, people find themselves at the margins of social, economic and ecological systems borders.
ReplyDeleteSo, whether poor countries can adopt the models and experience of affluent countries, I, as a social worker, can say that in most affluent countries, human rights are assured first, then peace is achieved, people are not discriminated by gender, class or race, education and training are important, and there is an attempt to reduce social exclusion. These are the values that every social worker should follow and every worker should protect them by causing reduction of poverty.
References:
Lister, R. (2015). To count for nothing’: Poverty beyond the statistics. Journal of the British Academy, 3(0), 139-165. Website: https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/003.139
Onwuegbuchulam, S. P. C. (2018). A Capability Approach assessment of poverty in the sociopolitical history of South Africa/KwaZulu-Natal. Journal of Poverty, 22(4), 287-309. Website: https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2017.1419529
Rutger Bregman’s three ideas to end poverty are bold and unorthodox, but I agree with them. Sometimes utopian ideas can bring new possibilities.
ReplyDelete1. A universal basic income (UBI) is the first of Rutger Bregman’s three ideas to end poverty. UBI is an unconditional cash transfer that countries can give to citizens; the concept involves the allocation of a certain amount of funds regularly to cover essential living costs. Recipients of the grant are free to spend it however they choose. The idea has found support from a wide range of credible thinkers, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., economist Milton Friedman and Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes. A universal basic income is a government-sponsored program in which every citizen or eligible resident would receive a flat monthly payment. The idea behind this type of government benefit is to reduce the financial stress faced by a country's residents, which would allow them to focus on education, improving their job skills, or dealing with personal matters while having enough income to meet basic living requirements.
2. Bregman insists that “productivity and long work hours do not go hand in hand.” Over time, fatigue and stress are causing burn- out in workers all over the world. There comes a point when working more becomes less productive. New Zealand based estate planning company ‘Perpetual Guardian’ taff experimented with working four days a week and have dubbed it a massive success. A survey from before the experiment determined that only 54 percent of employees felt they were able to manage a work-life balance. After implementing a 4 days’ work week, employee stress levels dropped 7 percent and team engagement rose 20 percent. This idea of Rutger Bregman’s three ideas to end poverty would allow greater pay with shorter hours.
3. Open borders may be the most radical solution of Rutger Bregman’s three ideas to end poverty. The level of economic inequality one experiences generally depends upon which country they were born in. Rutger Bregman states that 60 percent of someone’s income depends simply on their country of origin. With the enforcement of stricter border policies all over the world, poor people have little to no say in where they can live.
References:
Poverty isn't a lack of character; it's a lack of cash | Rutger Bregman. Internet access: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydKcaIE6O1k
The balance. Internet access: https://www.thebalancemoney.com/universal-basic-income-4160668
Poverty is extinguishable on a global level, however, poverty is not societal, but a political issue. It was created by broken infrastructure and jaded systems as well as power-hungry political icons. Those in power have always had a hand in economic infrastructure and how financial stability is passed down. Those without generational wealth struggle from a cycle of financial instability. Poverty perpetuates violence, assault, mental and physical abuse, and various forms of crime such as theft and the solicitation of illegal substances. In America, there is also a huge despair in regard to gender equality health care for women and queer individuals. Pregnant people are expected to pay thousands of dollars to have a child, and very little to sustain care for the child after they are born. Not to mention the almost nonexistent postnatal care given to individuals who endure childbirth, in addition to poverty, prevents that person from being a thriving parent and also providing for their child.
ReplyDeleteThe U.S. does not have a livable wage at this time, and so a big movement at this time is to “ tax the rich, eat the rich “, however, some countries have developed ways in order to treat and prevent poverty from occurring. Iceland, the Czech Republic, and Denmark have the lowest poverty rates in the world according to the OECD. All of which follows a Nordic Prototype of societal living. “Nordic nations predominantly emphasize infrastructural facilities relating to civilian safety and welfare, including a high standard of living, access to necessary medical services and free education to boost literacy rates, and a sturdy social safety net, including a strong pension system”(Majumdar, 2022). Iceland has the lowest poverty rate in the world at 4.9% of its population. They have a strong labor market, pension system, sick pay, rehabilitation, work-related injuries, and funding for continuous education, and started to bridge the gender disparity wage gap according to Majumdar(2022). Their school systems have great reviews in addition to schooling and universities being free to attend. Not to mention social and welfare services are covered by taxes.
The Czech Republic has a poverty rate of 8.6% and has the 3rd largest share of manufacturing value added to the GDP. Furthermore, they increased their minimum wage to a livable wage by 9.6% in 2018 and made a pledge to increase it yearly, while sharing similar values to the nordic model as well(Majumdar, 2022). Similarly to the Nordic Model, Denmark also funds healthcare benefits for the elderly and those with disabilities. Their social housing system makes up 20% of the housing market in Denmark so that those who are living on low-income wages can afford to house themselves. This is also prioritized for the elderly and those with disabilities. Adults with children younger than 18 are also eligible for several tax breaks and low-cost childcare to help prevent child poverty. "In 2014, Denmark implemented the Youth Guarantee Implementation Plan that secured for all citizens below the age of 25 the benefit of “training, work experience or a job within four months if they were not in education or employment” further showcasing Denmark's initiative to prevent poverty (Majumdar, 2022). By implementing treatment and prevention strategies amongst societies, countries such as the United States are more than capable of eradicating a large percentage of poverty and may prevent the cycle of financial instability in doing so.
Majumdar, S. (2022, November 20). Nordic nations leading with lowest poverty rates in the world. Transcontinental Times. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.transcontinentaltimes.com/nordic-nations-leading-poverty/
The Borgen Project (2022, November 9). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN Magazine. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
1. Some may argue that global poverty is too large of an issue to tackle. However, this is not the case. First, we must look at poverty from a structural perspective, not a perspective which is behavioral or cultural (Onwuegbuchulam, 2018). In other words, it cannot solely be an individual or even someone’s culture’s fault that they are living in poverty (Onwuegbuchulam, 2018). Structural factors include but are not limited to, access to participating in economic markets, access to education, access to political power, etc. Simply put, Ravi Jayakaran refers to poverty as the lack of freedom to grow mentally, spiritually, socially and physically (Myers, 2011, p. 131). As far as interventions go, on a large scale, the Nordic Model is one that many of the countries in the world with the lowest rates of poverty use. The Nordic model “combines free-market capitalism and social benefits such that the citizens enjoy high-quality services, including free education, free healthcare, and guaranteed pension payments” (CFI Team, 2023). However, parts of this model would not be easily applicable everywhere. For one thing, the model works because the citizens trust their government to take care of them (CFI Team, 2023). Many countries in the world who have high poverty rates have also experienced a great deal of corruption in their country. To begin to combat poverty, corruption must also be combatted. One organization that is doing this well is the Association for a More Just Society, which is a collaboration between Hondurans and Americans. They works to fight corruption in the government and police in Honduras (ASJ, n.d.). They do this through advocating for transparency in elections, the education system, and healthcare system on macro levels (ASJ, n.d.). This organization is significant because it is a partner organization, that has Honduran people who are running the organization in Honduras, with support from the U.S. organization. This organization also offers free legal advice to citizens.
ReplyDelete2. Another aspect of the Nordic Model is high quality social services that are funded by high taxes (CFI Team, 2023). Once again, nations that have already high poverty levels may not have enough wealth among citizens for high taxes to fund high quality services. However, there are ways that the spirit of the Nordic Model can be applied to countries with high levels of poverty. For example, many countries that have high poverty rates also have rich natural resources, which in the past (and currently) have been exploited by weather countries. For example, the Democratic Republic of the Congo mines a large portion of the world’s cobalt, which is used to make the rechargeable batteries in our smart phones, electric cars, and computers (Gross, 2023). However, the people who mine the cobalt do not receive a livable wage and are basically slave labor (Gross, 2023). Once again, this has to do with corruption of the government, but also the fact that China owns 15 of the 19 cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. So first, people need to be paid an actual living wage for mining cobalt. Or, they need to be given viable alternatives to mining cobalt to earn a living, which could be through micro-enterprise opportunities such as small scale agriculture or small businesses (Siepel, 2003). And second, there should be a way to charge China more for exporting the cobalt, so that more of the money for this valuable resource goes back to the DRC and its people.
ReplyDeleteAssociation for a More Just Society (n.d.). What We Do. Association for a More Just Society. https://www.asj-us.org/what-we-do/
Corporate Finance Institute Team (2023, January 23). Nordic Model. Corporate Finance Institute. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/nordic-model/
Gross, T. (2023, February 1). How 'modern-day slavery' in the Congo powers the rechargeable battery economy. NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/02/01/1152893248/red-cobalt-congo-drc-mining-siddharth-kara
Myers, B. L. (2011). Walking with the poor: Principles and practices of transformational development. Orbis Books.
Onwuegbuchulam, S. P. C. (2018). "A Capability approach assessment of poverty in the sociopolitical history of South Africa KwaZulu Natal." Journal of Poverty 22(4): 287-309.
Seipel, M. M. (2003). Global poverty: No longer an untouchable problem. International Social Work, 46(2), 191-207.
The countries with the highest poverty rate are South Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar, Guinea-Bissau, Eritrea, Sao Tome and Principe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, and Guatemala.(World Population Review) These are all fairly close in rank. When compared to the countries with the lowest poverty rate (Iceland, Czech Republic, Denmark)(Project, T. B), it is difficult to find a straight answer. There are so many different factors that it can be so difficult to narrow down what affects a country's poverty levels. One thing is that the lowest poverty rate countries mention is the culture. The Borgen Magazine says that in Nordic countries “people understand not only that a person’s work has value but also that the individual as a whole has value” (Project, T. B) and attributes this being a big part of the country's success. Prioritizing a person over a system makes them feel valued, and this is a big support. Implementing this thought process in other countries might make the citizens feel a part of a work environment and encourage job growth.
ReplyDeleteReference:
Project, T. B. (2022, November 9). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
Rate poverty by country 2023. World Population Review. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/poverty-rate-by-country
To answer this question, I can assure that there are some points which can help to show that poverty on the global scale is reducing. First of all, looking at the global statistics in general, according to World Bank statistics, since 1985 poverty is decreasing globally from 39.6% to 8.4% in 2019 (The Wordl Bank). Moreover, it is important to look after the countries, which have the lowest rates of poverty, as to this day, according to the latest available data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), it is Iceland with 4.9% in its population, also reaching even 0% in 2017 (The Borgen Project). Generally speaking, it all comes from so called “The Nordic Model” which emphasis on welfare, a sturdy safety net and access to the necessary services that makes not only Iceland but few more countries: Czech Republic, Denmark and etc. as an example how to keep the standards of living high and poverty rates low. It is said the even though policies in each country vary, it is important to emphasize that they are accepted by the government of that country. However, if politicians and the media frames the poverty debate in terms that they continue to be shamed, treat people living with poverty as so called ‘the Other’, that means that the recognition and respect for human dignity required by a human rights perspective are unlikely to be achieved (Lister, 2015). In my opinion, it is important that each government globally would take an example from the lowest rate countries or try to achieve it step by step, make a difference each few year and do not look to the poverty as not existing problem in their country.
ReplyDeleteReferences:
Lister, R. (2015). "‘To count for nothing’: Poverty beyond the statistics." Journal of the British Academy 3: 159.
The Borgen Project, 2022. Inside the Countries with the Lowest Poverty Rates. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
The World Bank. (n.d.) Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population). Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://data.worldbank.org/topic/poverty
While doing some research, I found out that Iceland has the lowest poverty rates at 4.9% in 2021. This is due to work satisfaction and social services. Iceland is the most highly unionized country and wages are high & often negotiated. Their labor market also includes “a fully-funded occupational pension system, sickness funds, rehabilitation funds for long-term ill or injured workers and funds for continuous education of lower-skilled workers and life-long learning,” the OECD reported’”. Iceland supports their workers and gives them the benefits they deserve which, in turn, positively impacts the people of Iceland as well as Iceland’s poverty rates. There are also many beneficial social services in Iceland that help people who live in Iceland. “ In Iceland, schools and universities are free to attend and health care is mostly covered by taxes. According to Brittanica, welfare services that taxes pay for also include “unemployment insurance, old-age and disability pensions, family and childbearing allowances and sickness benefits.” There are also numerous government-funded housing initiatives to ensure that low-income families have access to shelter”. Iceland has worked to make sure that taxpayers’ dollars are going towards important areas in their government to ultimately help their citizens. These two main points of how Iceland has been successful in keeping poverty rates low is a prime example that global poverty can be remediated. If we use Iceland’s approach with these accommodations and make it applicable to a country’s population, tax rates, minimum wage paid and salaries, then poverty rates could decrease as well. It won’t happen overnight, but over time with these approaches there would be a drastic change in global poverty as a whole.
ReplyDeletehttps://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/#:~:text=Iceland%20stands%20at%20the%20top,rate%20of%204.9%25%20in%202021.
Thanks for your keen insights Liz. It was interesting getting to learn a more in depth perspective about Iceland in relation to it being the country with the lowest poverty rate. It was educational to learn what contributes to their lower poverty level such as work satisfaction and social service programs the country provides their citizens. They have a plethora of social services resources which I am sure are fully taken advantage of by their Icelandic people. It’s amazing how much is free, covered by their taxes or government funded. Other countries need to take the cue from Iceland and begin to integrate these initiatives.
DeleteMidterm Question #3
ReplyDeleteTo answer the question of ‘Can global poverty be remediated?’ I would look at examples that have been served in individual countries first. In 2021 and 2020, two of the countries with the lowest poverty rates included Iceland and Denmark, respectfully (The Borgen Project, 2022). These countries in particular are Nordic countries and put an emphasis on providing welfare for their citizens. For these countries with some of the lowest poverty rates school, including higher education, and health care is free. Jobs are unionized with supportive compensation packages, workers' rights are strongly advocated for, low-income housing is supported, and elderly people are provided with more governmental support (The Borgen Project, 2022). These countries share a strong belief that people should be valued as individuals and not only seen for what they can contribute to society based on the work that they can do. Another strong value that these countries have that helps them achieve low poverty rates is their consideration to care for one another (The Borgen Project, 2022). Providing welfare for individuals can help them become supplied with the foundation that they need to thrive within society. Often people who most need the support of welfare programs and other social services are populations who are most vulnerable such as children, women, and elders. These populations can be especially vulnerable to poverty due to precedented risk factors. If what is offered in these Nordic countries cannot be implemented in other countries, then we must look at why this is not so. Countries must analyze what barriers to financial security there are. Countries must also reflect on whether they are providing their citizens with the foundations to succeed on their land and look at what support may be needed. Barriers that could be creating obstacles to this could be a lack of social services such as welfare programs and government assistance. Other things could be discrimination such as racism, sexism, ageism, etc. Looking at where funds are being allocated and what is being prioritized should be extremely important as well. Countries should look at whether they are valuing individuals as people or solely valuing people for their labor. If every country decided to investigate their governing system and reflect on the barriers that restrict individuals to live in poverty, then I believe poverty could be remediated globally.
Resources:
Lister, R. (2015). "‘To count for nothing’: Poverty beyond the statistics." Journal of the British Academy 3: 139-165.
Project, T. B. (2022, November 9). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20latest%20available,on%20this%20list%20are%20Nordic
ReplyDeleteLooking at the countries with the lowest poverty rates, there is hope that this can be tackled effectively on a global scale. Iceland is the country with the lowest poverty rate, with a poverty rate of 4.9% in 2021. If we look at what they do differently and how they are able to maintain these rates, it is clear that the Icelandic labour market is very well-paid and that the salaries of the population are rising steadily. The country has a strong presence of various workers' unions, has an excellent track record in reducing the gender gap and the wage gap. The country thrives on a strong labour market, which includes a fully-funded occupational pension system, sickness funds, rehabilitation funds for long-term sick or injured workers, and continuing training and lifelong learning funds for lower-skilled workers. Iceland's education system, schools and universities are free, inspiring children and parents to pursue literacy and knowledge.
There are also a number of government-funded housing initiatives aimed at ensuring that low-income families have easy access to housing and shelter. In Iceland, workers retire much later, making social security schemes such as the fully-funded pension system less relevant.
Another country that sets an excellent example is the Czech Republic, where the poverty rate was 8.6% in 2020, according to the World Bank.
Economic growth in this country is strong. According to the OECD, in 2020 the Czech Republic was 'third in terms of manufacturing value added as a share of GDP'. According to the World Bank, the Czech Republic also has a very low level of income inequality. Denmark is the third country with a poverty rate of 12.3% in 2020, as recorded by the World Bank. As in the Nordic model, Denmark allocates public funds, in particular for old-age and disability benefits and healthcare. According to the OECD in 2014, Denmark's labour force participation rate was "the seventh highest among OECD countries". The country has strong trade unions, which account for 70% of employees. Low-income housing prices are set at low levels to enable low-income wage earners to afford housing. Denmark gives special priority to the elderly and disabled. Looking at the examples of these countries, I say Yes, it is possible to end poverty in the world, based on the models that have already worked in these countries. If countries devote much more public money to poverty prevention and ensure easy access to education, healthcare and other social protection services. Securing work and paying for it fairly is essential for family well-being and prosperity. One of the main causes of poverty is inequality: gender, race, economic, political. Reducing poverty through education, stopping hunger and thirst, financial aid and peace is the most need of the moment.
References
The Borgen Project. (2022). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
Yes, global poverty can be remediated by implementing effective policies, programs, and initiatives that promote economic growth, reduce inequality, and provide access to basic services. Many countries with low poverty rates have achieved this through a combination of factors, including strong governance, social welfare programs, economic growth, and investment in education and infrastructure. According to recent data from the World Bank, some of the lowest rates of poverty in the world are found in countries like: Iceland, Denmark, Sweden.
ReplyDelete1. Iceland has a strong social welfare system, including universal healthcare, free education, and a progressive tax system that redistributes wealth. Additionally, Iceland has a strong focus on gender equality, which has helped to reduce poverty rates among women.
2. Denmark has a comprehensive welfare system that provides free healthcare and education, a strong social safety net, and a focus on work-life balance. Denmark has also implemented policies to promote renewable energy and sustainable development.
3. Sweden has a strong welfare system that provides universal healthcare, free education, and a comprehensive social safety net. Sweden also places a high emphasis on gender equality and has implemented policies to promote renewable energy and sustainable development.
These examples demonstrate that poverty can be remediated through a combination of policies and initiatives aimed at promoting economic growth, reducing inequality, and providing access to basic services. Countries with the lowest poverty rates in the world have implemented comprehensive welfare systems, progressive tax systems, and policies to promote sustainable development and gender equality. These strategies provide a roadmap for other countries to follow in their efforts to reduce poverty and improve living standards for all.
References:
World Bank. (2021). Poverty and shared prosperity 2020: Reversals of fortune. Retrieved from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34496/9781464816024.pdf
The Borgen Project. (2022, November 9). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates.
BORGEN. Retrieved from: https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
Hi Joanta,
DeleteI completely agree with your answer. It is true that some countries like Denmark, Sweden and Iceland have achieved a very low rate of poverty as you have pointed out before. As you have said, this countries have implemented some policies and initiatives that have demonstrated that remediating poverty is posible. So I will suggest other countries to take all of this into account and to put It into practice as soon as posible since, as far as we are concerned, It seems to be working incredibly good.
Island, Czech Republic, Denmark countries with the lowest poverty rates in the world. These countries shares some similar factors which contributing to low poverty rate. First of all these states are guided by humanistic approach. They see humans as the biggest value and respect it‘s dignity. These countries are taking care of their citizens: free health care, social and health benefits, housing for low-income families, livable wages and pensions. In this way countries manage to keep economic growth because there is more citizens who are able to work and remain in labor market longer. (The Borgen Project, 2022). This model should be the aim of every developed country. On the other hand, this model would be unbearable for developing countries. According to the World Bank, the extent of poverty is highest in Sub Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America where the number of the poor has been increasing due to high population growth and modest economic performance in these regions (Ayoo, 2022). In his article Ayoo indicate that the youth are the majority of the population in these countries so targeting them can be effective in reducing poverty. Poverty reduction can also be enhanced through microfinance institutions that not only provide credit to small borrowers who are often unable to access credit from formal financial institutions, but also mobilize domestic savings and channel these savings toward income-generating activities. Tax regimes also need to be reformed, through tax reforms employment opportunities can be expanded as a key step in poverty reduction. To make tax more efficient it has to be redistributed in favor of the poor, and generate more resources that can be used to finance critical services such as education, health, water and sanitation, and shelter for the poor. The private sector and international development institutions can play an important role in poverty reduction in developing countries by providing expertise and the supplemental resources and assistance that are needed to implement poverty reduction plans (Ayoo, 2022). Poverty is a serious challenge that developing countries face today, and it necessitates focused and sustained action to significantly reduce it, break the cycle of poverty, and improve living standards.
ReplyDeleteReferences:
The Borgen Project. (2022). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
Ayoo, C. (2022). Poverty Reduction Strategies in Developing Countries. Rural Development - Education, Sustainability, Multifunctionality. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.101472
First of all, we should define which countries we are talking about, since it is practically impossible to apply the poverty reduction strategies of the leading countries in those countries where poverty is the highest, however, I do not think that this is due to the uniqueness of the strategy for that particular country, and the impossibility of applying the strategy is determined by geographical, cultural, political and economic differences. For example, I don't think it would be appropriate to talk about applying the strategy of Iceland (where the poverty rate was only 4.9% in 2021) to South Sudan (where the poverty rate was 82.3% in 2022), because the differences in the poverty level are too obvious.
ReplyDeleteI think that we should apply successful poverty reduction strategies at the regional level - if we are talking about the Northern European region, where Denmark leads (in 2020 the poverty level reached 12.3%), I think that the countries of this region (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, etc. ) should apply the Nordic method fostered by Denmark and Iceland. Because the countries of this region do not have such great geographical, cultural or political differences than when comparing them with, for example, the northern region of Africa or even the southern region of Europe. As for the least developed countries with the highest levels of poverty (South Sudan, Equatorial Guinea and Madagascar), these countries should take note and try to take an example from the leading countries in their region that are successful in reducing poverty levels.
In conclusion, it can be said that the use of the strategies of the leading countries in poverty reduction in the poorest countries is not impossible, but it cannot be effective and it may take decades to achieve the goals of the strategies. However, when applying strategies at regional level, I believe that very good results can be achieved, because there is no need to fight against geographical and cultural differences between countries.
References:
1. World Population Review. (2023). Poverty rate by country 2023. Internet access: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/poverty-rate-by-country
2. The Borgen Project. (2022). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. BORGEN. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
Question #3: The problem of poverty is a tale as old as time. When we begin to look at poverty through a global framework it can open our eyes to the remedies available in countries with the lowest poverty rates in the world, which can then be implemented in other countries as well. “Around the globe, countries struggle with poverty, but some governments have more success with keeping rates low. According to the latest available data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Iceland, the Czech Republic and Denmark stand as the countries with the lowest poverty rates in the world. Two out of three countries on this list are Nordic” (The Borgen Project, 2022).
ReplyDeleteContributing factors that aid in Iceland's low poverty rate are work satisfaction ( “most highly unionized country” and “at the high end of male and female pay equity”) in addition to social services such as schools and universities being free to attend and taxes able to cover most of an individual's healthcare costs (“unemployment insurance, old-age and disability pensions, family and childbearing allowances and sickness benefits”). Contributing factors that aid in the Czech Republic’s low poverty rate are economic growth ( in 2020, “third highest share of manufacturing value added in GDP”), taxes and transfer (“redistributes income through tax reliefs and social transfers to benefit the poorest populations. The OECD states that, in 2017, social transfers reduced poverty by about 74%”) and minimum wage (In 2018, the Czech government increased the minimum wage by 9.6% and suggested that the country should reevaluate it every year, ensuring that it rises with the average wage”).
Contributing factors that aid in Denmark's low poverty rate are high employment rates and worker’s rights, low-income housing, low child poverty, in addition to healthcare. We can take the experiences of reducing poverty within these three specific countries and implement them within other countries (high in poverty) around the world to bring about positive changes towards remedying global poverty one step at a time. Each country has their own unique story of poverty, so we want to take that in consideration when gleaning from and implementing anti-poverty initiatives.
Works Cited:
Project, The Borgen. “Inside the Countries with the Lowest Poverty Rates.” BORGEN, 9 Nov. 2022, https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/.
The issue of global poverty is complex and requires a multifaceted approach. According to the World Bank, extreme poverty affected an estimated 8.6% of the world's population in 2018, meaning they lived on less than $1.90 per day. However, successful countries like Norway, Denmark, and Switzerland can provide examples of effective poverty reduction strategies that can be adapted for other contexts. These countries have some of the lowest poverty rates globally, with Norway having a poverty rate of only 0.5%, Denmark 0.7%, and Switzerland 2.3%, achieved by prioritizing social welfare policies, investing in education and healthcare, creating job opportunities, and providing unemployment benefits. In comparison, countries struggling with poverty like Nigeria have a poverty rate of 40%, highlighting the impact of successful poverty reduction strategies.
ReplyDeleteMoreover, other countries such as South Korea and Rwanda have implemented successful poverty reduction strategies. South Korea invested in education and social welfare programs, leading to a decrease in poverty rates from 15% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2019, while Rwanda's policies prioritizing healthcare, education, and access to credit resulted in a significant reduction in poverty rates from 56.7% in 2006 to 39.1% in 2017.
While it is true that strategies that work in one country may not necessarily work in another, we can still learn from each other. Globalization has enabled us to share knowledge and resources across borders, which can be leveraged to address poverty. In the field of international social work, practitioners collaborate across national boundaries to share best practices and develop culturally appropriate solutions to social problems. For example, in Healy and Thomas's book "International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World," the authors describe how social workers in different countries work together to address poverty and inequality. For instance, social workers from Canada and the Philippines collaborated to develop a program that supports families affected by migration. Collaboration across national boundaries is an effective way to address poverty. The Bayanihan Seniors Program developed by social workers from Canada and the Philippines provides home care and community-based support for families affected by migration. This collaboration resulted in a culturally appropriate and effective program that addresses poverty and inequality. Globalization enables the sharing of knowledge and resources, allowing practitioners in international social work to collaborate and develop culturally appropriate solutions to social problems.
Moreover, poverty is not just an economic issue but also a social justice issue. In 2019, the United Nations estimated that more than 700 million people lived in extreme poverty worldwide. Mapp's "Human Rights and Social Justice in a Global Perspective" highlights the role of human rights in addressing poverty. Mapp argues that poverty is often caused by structural inequalities and injustice, and promoting human rights and social justice can challenge these inequalities and create a more equitable society. Human rights and social justice can be prioritized by promoting access to education, healthcare, and social services, which can reduce poverty and improve the lives of those affected by it.
References:
Healy, L. M., & Thomas, R. (2020). International social work: Professional action in an interdependent world (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Mapp, S. C. (2008). Human rights and social justice in a global perspective: An introduction to international social work. Oxford University Press.
The World Bank. (2021). Poverty and shared prosperity 2021: Reversals of fortune. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
1* Global poverty can be remediated to a large degree. In fact, there are some countries that have
ReplyDeleteachieved a minimum poverty rate, and it would be interesting, as social workers, to investigate
and educate ourselves in what are this countries doing that is working so efficiently that other
countries have not implemented yet.
The countries with the lowest rates of poverty, work under “The Nordic Model” which is a societal
and governmental plan in which a high emphasis on welfare is made with the objective of
ensuring a higher quality of life for citizens. This plan searches the way of reaching a welfare state
by facilitating the access to the necessary an primary services implementing free education in all
levels, cost-free health care and a strong pension system; as well as an sturdy social safety net.
The countries with the lowest poverty rate are, in first position Iceland, with a poverty rate of 4’9%
in 2021 (World Bank), in the second place Czech Republic with a poverty rate of 8’6% (World
Bank), and in third position Denmark, with a rate of poverty of 12’3% (World Bank). All these
countries are characterised by their work satisfaction, their low rates of income inequality, their
plans on social services and welfare services such as education and health-care, which provide
citizens with more future opportunities and health procedures facilities. What is more, all of this
countries are considered to be in a very good position in the list of OECD countries, because their
governments are focused into making everybody’s life a little bit easier, emphasising, over all, the
minorities and the groups of people in poverty or in risk of poverty.
Nowadays there is an economic globalisation and a growth on technological advances which
increases the concentrations of wealth, while also increases the marginalisation of larger
segments of the worlds’ population. This causes the aggravation of the social problems of people
living in poverty. Besides, the traditional support system of the family has changed too, due to the
imposition of individualism in most societies. It is normal today, to see many single-parent families
for example. It is necessary in this cases and in similar ones in which people may be in a poverty
risk situation, that social welfare services meet the needs of vulnerable people.
2* As social workers as well as policy-makers or country governors, it is important to take into
ReplyDeleteaccount the globalisation of consciousness and use it with the objective of growing as a global
society and developing solutions to the global poverty problem. International social work activities
indicate that participating in and studying the practices of social work in other countries has led to
refining the social work in the countries concerned (Devisbegovic & Hessle, 1998), which means
that using what is working for others and having knowledge of other peoples’ life circumstances,
can help noticeably into improving the problems of the areas in which still has a huge rate of
poverty. To achieve this it is important to take into account and to look for new examples of
alternative forms of organising social welfare, like the countries using “The Nordic Model”
mentioned before, and a fairer distribution of income. It is important to pursue democracy and to
fight for global human rights, specifically for those of people from minority groups. As a global
society it is necessary to create new global human values and ethics, in addition, to a global
solidarity with the aim of peace-building between human beings from all over the world.
If what we are pursuing is to remediate global poverty, it is essential to see everybody as an equal
and as a part of a global society. To achieve this goal, a personal work of growth and acceptance
among others and oneself is basic and as important as a global cooperation in the name of
change, development, equality and solidarity.
Sources:
1. https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
2. https://moodle2.vdu.lt/pluginfile.php/398939/mod_resource/content/1/
newchallengesforintersw.pdf
3. https://moodle2.vdu.lt/pluginfile.php/1282159/mod_resource/content/1/‘To count for nothing’-
Poverty beyond the st1.pdf
Taking advice from Seipel’s methods for reducing global poverty in “Global Poverty: No Longer an Untouchable Problem,”, the most promising strategies seem to be economic growth, international support, and social investment (Seipel, 201). The importance of microenterprises must be accounted for, especially though small-scale businesses and agricultural activities, which are vital to the financial well being of the impoverished. Investment in micro-enterprises is especially important for low-income women, as it allows them to break from dependency, perhaps from their spouse and even social services. While this can be especially impactful in countries where gender norms are heavily enforced, it may also be difficult for women around the world to understand their ability and worth, and cultural relativism must be considered.
ReplyDeleteInternational support can be especially important since the reason poverty rates are so egregious in certain countries is due to the effects of colonialism and how they were given little to no resources to achieve prosperity in the post-colonial era. As mentioned in Seipel’s article, globalization has made it possible for many to achieve a livable and comfortable status, but so often as we see the conditions improve for many, they will continue to worsen for those still trapped in the cycle of poverty.
Globally, this is a direct cause of the echoing effects of colonialism and should be corrected through the practices of fair trade, debt relief, foreign aid, and social investment into these countries that have been ravages by colonialism, and expected to reach the level of the colonizers with no support, in a post-colonial era. One way that countries who used to have influence over others through colonization still takes advantage of these places during post-colonialism is through intensely unfair trade. This is due to the implementation of a free market which creates a great trade imbalance, since impoverished countries with poor credit ratings are made to pay interest rates four times higher than those of more affluent countries, who can afford to play this game. Countries suffering great debts have no viable way to help the poor out of poverty, as economic policies that attempt to relieve this debt are almost always exploitative of the poorest of the poor, and hurt them more than ever (Seipel, 202).
DeleteThrough loan extension, reduced interest rates, and/or debt forgiveness in its entirety, poor countries would not have to invest so much time, money, and legislation into debt relief, and would be able to invest in greater social opportunities to quell poverty, such as education and health. Although foreign aid, if done improperly can be another tool for imperialism, it can often be essential to the growth of poor countries, especially since some of the most poor were ruined by these malicious imperialistic efforts from powerful and affluent countries. However, this aid cannot properly make impact unless it is followed by immense social investment. Through the integration of economic growth and social investment, political and economic change can be navigated much better by the impoverished, as other “resource-poor” countries and cities have shown investment in people fosters and sustains equitable growth and wealth, throughout (Seipel, 203). Investing in and providing basic resources to the poor can allow them to flourish and contribute greater to the economy and society if they so choose, but most importantly gives them a much better opportunities for quality of life that was non-existent before.
In respect of and response to my opponents argument, that global methods will not work in certain places of the world, there are indeed factors that may unintentionally perpetuate poverty. Considering cultural relativism and critical reflexivity, especially in response to women becoming entrepreneurs or working, many cultures do not support the belief that women should work outside of the home. While we see this as an issue of discrimination in the West, it is simply a cultural value in many places that is upheld due to respect of culture and value of the woman in the home. Women may not want to work outside of the household, as they too believe their purpose is to serve their family, and are quite content doing so. Asking them to leave their home to run or work for a business would be and disrespectful of their lifestyle choices, and would only lead to them doing double the amount of work, since their household and familial duties would still be there when they return home from work. On top of this, even if it were accepted for women to enter the workforce as an attempt to lift themselves out of poverty, their quality of life would hardly improve since they would still be expected to take on responsibilities of the family and home, thus harboring two jobs and the immense pressure that comes with them (Bianco et al., 354).
Michael M.O. Seipel: Global Poverty: No Longer an Untouchable Problem (https://sakai.luc.edu/access/content/group/SOWK_654_001_1393_1232/Week%202/Global%20Powerty%20No%20Longer%20an%20Untouchable%20Problem.pdf)
M. Emilia Bianco, Margaret Lombe, Mara Bolis, “Challenging gender norms and practices through women’s entrepreneurship” (https://sakai.luc.edu/access/content/group/SOWK_654_001_1393_1232/Week%206/Challenging_gender_norms_and_p.pdf)
By Riley Lewers: Part 1
ReplyDeletePoverty is an issue that impacts more 700 million people worldwide, or roughly 10 percent of global population (United Nations Global Compact, 2023). Though poverty is often discussed primarily in economic terms, it is a multi-dimensional problem that is “the result of economic, political, and social processes that interact with each other and frequently reinforce each other in ways that exacerbate the deprivation in which poor people live” (Onwuegbuchulam, 2018, 287). In essence, poverty is not simply a result of any one person’s work ethic or skills, it is a result of systemic processes that tend to exacerbate and reinforce one another. Thus, solutions to poverty should not only target individuals, they should also focus on changing the social, political, and economic settings and opportunities in which individuals live and work. Broader, societal solutions that are frequently touted to reduce poverty, in alignment with the United Nation’s Millenium Development Goals, include, but are not limited to: 1) developing and implementing rapid and sustained economic growth policies and programs; 2) improving the management of water and other natural resources; 3) investing in and implementing agricultural programs; 4) encouraging countries to engage in trade as a path out of poverty; 5) creating and improving access to jobs; 6) providing all people with access to basic social services; 7) progressively developing social protection systems; 8) empowering people living in poverty; 9) removing barriers to equal access and services; and, 10) providing access to technology and innovation (Barringer, 2017).
By Riley Lewers Part 2
ReplyDeleteCountries with the lowest rates of poverty include Iceland, the Czech Republic, and Denmark, all of which follow a Nordic Model which places “a high emphasis on welfare to ensure a high quality of life for all citizens, access to the necessary services, and a sturdy social safety net” (The Borgen Project, 2022). These countries provide strong support for the efficacy of increasing social welfare programs and social safety nets in addressing societal poverty and ensuring that individuals basic needs are met. Further, scattered studies and pilot programs on a Universal Basic Income have shown that these programs lead to reduced poverty rates, improved employment, prospects, reduced food insecurity, and improved health (Napoletano & Bailie, 2022). These programs have been implemented in non-Western countries as well, with programs experimenting with cash transfers having been done or currently underway in Brazil, Kenya, India, Namibia, Kenya, Iran, China, and Japan, amongst others (Samuel, 2020). The reduction in poverty at a societal level and improvement in individual well-being associated with countries that have strong social welfare programs or Universal Basic Income programs underscore an important aspect of Onwuegbuchulan’s 2018 study on the capability approach, which is that when individuals’ well-being is prioritized, they are more likely to achieve more. In essence, when peoples most basic needs are met, they are capable of achieving infinite possibilities.
It is important to note that any such program designed to reduce poverty must be adapted to meet the unique historical, cultural, social, and political realities of the country in question, as well as providing space for those most impacted by the issue to have their voices and opinions heard and incorporated. However, the framework of ensuring that individuals basic needs are met and working to promote systemic changes that prioritize human flourishing and remove barriers to opportunities and resources are broad enough that they can be implemented in nearly any setting. Such a framework also reinforces human rights, self-determination, and social development theory, all hallmarks of a global social work perspective.
Works Cited:
1. Onwuegbuchulam, S. P. C. (2018). A capability approach assessment of poverty in the sociopolitical history of South Africa/KwaZulu-Natal. Journal of Poverty, 22(4), 287-309.
2. Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work, 40(2), 168-175.
3. Bonta, B. (1997). Cooperation and competition in peaceful societies. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 299-320.
4. Healey, L. M. & Thomas, R. (2001). International social work: Professional action in an interdependent world. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press.
5. Mapp, S. C. (2008). Human rights and social justice in a global perspective: An introduction to international social work. Oxford University Press.
6. Barringer, M. (2017, April 29). 10 ways to reduce poverty in the world. The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/10-ways-to-reduce-poverty-in-the-world/
7. The Borgen Project. (2023). Inside the countries with the lowest poverty rates. https://www.borgenmagazine.com/inside-the-countries-with-the-lowest-poverty-rates/
8. Napoletano, E. & Bailie, K. (2022, May 12). An unexpected outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic: A slew of universal income programs. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/personal-finance/universal-basic-income-programs/
9. United Nations Global Compact. (2023). Poverty. https://unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/our-work/social/poverty
10. Samuel, S. (2020, October 20). Everywhere basic income has been tried, in one map. Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/2/19/21112570/universal-basic-income-ubi-map
I believe that poverty can be remediated on a global scale, and I would like to respond thoughtfully to the argument that those countries with the lowest rates of poverty in the world are unique, and their strategies cannot be used in other contexts.
ReplyDeleteFirstly, it is true that every country and region is unique, with its own set of challenges and opportunities. However, there are global principles and strategies that can be adapted and implemented in local contexts to effectively address poverty. One such strategy is the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which provide a framework for poverty reduction and sustainable development that can be adapted to local contexts.
Furthermore, there are numerous examples of successful poverty reduction efforts in various parts of the world, including Bangladesh, Brazil, and China, which have lifted millions of people out of poverty. These countries have used a combination of economic policies, social programs, and community-based initiatives to address poverty in their unique contexts. For example, Bangladesh's Grameen Bank has provided microfinance services to millions of poor households, Brazil's Bolsa Familia program has provided cash transfers to families in poverty, and China's poverty alleviation campaign has focused on education, infrastructure development, and rural development.
It is also important to consider the role of shifting narratives and cultural values in poverty remediation. Changing cultural values around gender, education, and community participation can have a significant impact on poverty reduction efforts. For example, promoting girls' education and empowerment has been shown to have a positive impact on poverty reduction in numerous contexts.
In conclusion, while it is true that each country and region is unique, there are global principles and strategies, such as the SDGs, that can be adapted and implemented in local contexts to effectively address poverty. Additionally, successful poverty reduction efforts in various parts of the world demonstrate that poverty can be remediated with the right policies, programs, and community-based initiatives. Finally, shifting cultural values and narratives can also play a crucial role in poverty remediation. By working together and adapting global strategies to local contexts, we can make significant progress in reducing global poverty.
Thank you for this opportunity to share my thoughts on this important topic of global poverty remediation.
ReplyDeleteTo begin with, I would like to acknowledge the points made by the opposing side about the unique circumstances of countries with the lowest rates of poverty. It is true that each country has its own unique history, culture, and social, economic, and political contexts, which may require different strategies for poverty remediation.
However, I firmly believe that global poverty can be remediated, and that there are principles and strategies that can be applied globally but also adapted to local contexts. One example of such principles is the human rights approach, which recognizes that poverty is a violation of human rights and that all people have the right to a dignified life. This approach has been endorsed by the United Nations and other international organizations and has been applied in various contexts.
Another example is the social development approach, which emphasizes the importance of empowering communities and individuals to participate in the process of poverty remediation. This approach recognizes that poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires interventions in various areas, such as education, health, housing, and employment.
In terms of specific strategies, there are many examples of successful poverty remediation programs that have been implemented in various parts of the world. One such example is the conditional cash transfer programs, which provide cash transfers to poor families on the condition that they meet certain requirements, such as sending their children to school or attending health clinics. These programs have been implemented in various countries, such as Brazil, Mexico, and Bangladesh, and have been shown to reduce poverty and increase access to education and health services.
Another example is microfinance, which provides small loans to poor people to start or expand their businesses. This strategy has been successful in various countries, such as Bangladesh and India, and has helped to lift millions of people out of poverty.
Moreover, I would like to emphasize the importance of shifting narratives and cultural values in the process of poverty remediation. Poverty is not just an economic issue, but also a social and cultural one. Therefore, addressing poverty requires changing the way people think and act towards poverty and poor people. This requires challenging stereotypes, prejudices, and misconceptions about poverty and promoting values of solidarity, empathy, and social justice.
In conclusion, I believe that global poverty can be remediated, and that there are principles and strategies that can be applied globally but also adapted to local contexts. Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires interventions in various areas, and requires changing narratives and cultural values. By working together, we can make significant progress in the fight against poverty, and create a world where all people can live a dignified life.
When we speak about the problem of poverty on a global scale I must agree that all countries are unique and individual strategies cannot be used in other contexts. But I do find many things in common in those countries, who made a huge change while solving a poverty problem.
ReplyDeleteI will use Lithuania as an example after the Soviet Union collapsed. In 1991 Lithuania got back its independence and had to rebuild the country.
First, the main help for people was a free healthcare system. At least in the USA we can hear many cases when people lost everything due to medical bills. Having that safety about your health you can move with your income.
Secondly, entering the EU was a major push. We got financial support that allowed us to invest in business, well being, education and healthcare. So being a part of a support system on a global scale might also be a breakthrough.
When we speak about poverty, violence and other major issues, almost all say that the key is education. So to have a free education and invest in young people is a long - term investment that helps a country grow. Not only financially but also mentally.
A new tendency of entrepreneurship might also be a key to success in remediating poverty. There are many examples when understanding how to earn money in legal ways has a huge impact.
So maybe we won't find an exact system that would work in every single country but main areas where to focus on might be a big solution in solving poverty on a major scale.
Question 3: To say that another country’s poverty cannot be fixed or even helped because they are too unique is a cheap excuse. The first step to attempt and eradicate poverty is by caring. The countries that are most impoverished find it hard to give their citizens access to clean water and nutritional food. There are people in these countries that make less than a dollar a day and live in a constant form of survival. All these people seek is to have their personal needs met like 3 meals a day and housing. When we think about all the wealth in the world it is sad to see some people living in extreme wealth and others in extreme poverty. Not only this but to witness how much food goes to waste is heartbreaking. The solution to giving people basic human needs lies in making the effort to communicate as a global community and make a plan to try and redistribute food to countries like Madagascar, South Sudan, and Guatemala just to list a few. It is also important to have a discussion about cultural differences between major countries and poor countries because people living in the United States can be incredibly far removed from what a life may look like in Somalia. We have to remind ourselves that people living in these impoverished countries still have dignity and worth. That is a universal value. Granting them the right to basic needs like clean water. It is a matter of wanting to and not labeling these countries as unique and leaving them without strategies that can be applied to their country.
ReplyDeleteReferences:
World Population Review. (2023). Poverty rate by country 2023. Internet access: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/poverty-rate-by-country