Enjoy the following Ted Talk by Muhammad Yunus:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
Consider the roles of a global social worker as defined by Healey, Ahmadi, Hugman, and others; and social work values of self-determination as discussed by Jurkuviene and Mokuau and Ewalt. Describe how elements of global social work that you find important are echoed and reflected in Yunus' work and comments.
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ReplyDeleteMuhammad Yunus’ pioneering in the field of microfinance both embodies and transcends conventional elements of global social work. In his commitment to empowering the poor through inverting extant financial institutions’ power relations, Yunus’ work serves as a viable paradigm for how global social workers can understand their complex roles vis-à-vis their clients’ self-determination.
ReplyDeleteWith Grameen Bank, Yunus broadens the horizons of global social work. Yunus largely eschews state entities to meet poor people where they are at: in villages, rural communities, and on the streets. In many ways, it is a grassroots approach in line with what Ahmadi (2003) describes as “anti-oppressive international social work”, an approach “adapted to the decentralized organization of welfare and promote inter-regional cooperation between different interested parties of social work,” (p.20). Moreover, Yunus—through the advent of social business—even widens the scope of “interested parties of social work”. For example, Yunus collaborates with a French entrepreneur to develop and finance a yogurt manufacturing company, (TEDx Talk, 2012). This company makes social impact its preeminent metric of success—instead of money—and addresses intersectionality by infusing its product with nutrients otherwise missing in the diets of malnourished youth. This too is global social work.
While Yunus’ expansive, borderless approach has the potential to make global social work’s definition so extensive that it ceases to have meaning, it just may circumvent some critical paradoxes facing international social workers. To illustrate, Hugman, Moosa-Mitha, & Moyo (2010) grapple with what they describe as “claims to authenticity within a nation”; specifically, how does an international social worker negotiate meaning and identity across borders, (p.639). Global social workers may not share the experience of their clients, nor can they claim authenticity in a community simply by virtue of providing aid. Yunus’ work strives to avoid this by economically empowering individuals to make their own decisions. To illustrate, beggars who receive money from Grameen Bank do not face pressure to give up begging, they are free to use their money as they see fit—providing they repay the loan. Here, the primacy of self-determination, particularly critical in global social work, reveals a key role of international social workers: building the capacity of others.
Client self-determination, at least in the US context, is a fundamental component of social work. Yunus, by—in some ways—appropriating the historically oppressive ideology of capitalism, empowers borrowers of Grameen Bank to forge their own freedom. He challenges the notion that people experiencing poverty are “wrong” or “bad” and have wrought their poverty unto themselves. Instead, he argues, “poverty is not created by the poor people; it is created by the systems we’ve built”, (TEDx Talks, 2012). By providing financial opportunity, Grameen Bank (recalling that it is operated by its own self-determining borrowers), helps individuals realize their own potential. Indeed, this empowers individuals to answer the critical question posed to Jurkuviene (2005) by a Western journalist: “’What kind of freedom do you want?’”(p. 95).
Ultimately, Yunus—and the entrepreneurial individuals running Grameen Bank—remind us that global social work’s role is to work with communities to dismantle the systems that deny them their freedom to self-determine. Knowing that self-determination is culturally dependent, constructed, and interpreted (Ewalt & Mokua, 1995), Grameen Bank demonstrates—through its commitment to limitless human potential—that when individuals and communities have the tools to self-determine they can affect great social change.
References (sorry it wouldn't all fit in one post)
DeleteAhmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalisation of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Hugman, R., M. Moosa-Mitha, & Moyo, O. (2010). Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5): 629-643.
Jurkuviene, Ramune and Harrison, D. (2005) What kind of freedom? A narrative of change. Social Justice in Context, 1, 93-96.
TEDx Talks. (2012, January 18). TedxVienna - Muhammad Yunus - A History of Microfinance [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
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DeleteTaha, thank you for a good introduction
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DeleteThe acceleration of globalization processes, role of social work moves to the international level. Social work is no longer deal only with internal problems in one country or another. As globalization - a process, a phenomenon that occurs in the social context, covering the whole range of society, the state and other social structures activities, their environment, that affect relations between intensification, movement and other characteristics on a global scale, so the social worker role extends to demographic political and cultural dimensions. Social welfare - a broad term that depends on many factors. In this proces the role of Social worker, depending on the level of activity, can be an agent, messenger, negotiator and initiator of social, cultural, even political change.
ReplyDeleteIn the story of Muhammad Yunus visible level of economic influence in social activities. Created social projects to help finance small business of people group that does not have the conditions and opportunities to meet the standards set by society. However, in order to make positive changes in social excluded layer, it is necessary to work in the cultural level by changing the stereotypical thinking and raising questions about women's self-realization, self-esteem improvement.
Also in this story we see environmental problem-solving techniques.
So, Muhammad Yunus social business consists in three main dimensions: economic, cultural and environmental.
Why is this important? Integrated access through the three dimension to the socially excluded group, provides its members themselves to make changes in their life. This chain reaction allowing for the members of social group to help yourself, don't be independent of external forces.
Marius Rišys
Marius,
DeleteWhat you said about it being necessary to work within cultural context is exactly right! The reason why Yunus was so successful is because he worked within the culutural context while also challenging stereotypical thinking around women and the poor. I don't think he would have been as successful if he didn't have his borrowers running the bank and investing in the banks success. By allowing the borrowers to do this, Yunus was able to combat stereotypes in a culturally sensitive manner that lifted the self-esteem and confidence of the women that Yunus was loaning money to. Yunus was successful in that his clients got to decide for themselves what they were going to do with the money that they borrowed. They were then so delighted with their success and their ability to pay the loan off, that their confidence grew and they were able to borrow even more money to put towards their own businesses and become successful. This is why Social Workers value self-determination and the power that it has on the human psyche. Self determination comes with confidence, which is exactly what Yunus was fostering in his borrowers. Thank you for your comment!
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DeleteMarius, I agree with you
DeleteFatima, thank you for your activity and comments
DeleteMarius and Fatima,
DeleteI agree so much with your comments and love that we are in a class where we can openly discuss the cultural layer of our work. Marius, when you stated, "... in order to make positive changes in social excluded layer, it is necessary to work in the cultural level by changing the stereotypical thinking and raising questions about women's self-realization, self-esteem improvement" it brought to light what I felt was one of the most important aspects of the video. When Yunus was encouraged by several community members to change the name of Grameen Bank to Grameen Women's Bank, he agreed as long as all of the other banks in the community would change their name to "X Men's Bank, Y Men's Bank." With such a simple, quite comical response, Yunus is bringing to light the notion that without recognition, the community is predominately male oriented. This comment in itself, especially because it was spoken by a male, causes people to question the notion of male superiority and all male establishments as the norm. In turn, Yunus is not only empowering women by providing micro finance loans and jobs at the bank, but he is also challenging the cultural belief that independence and the role of an entrepreneur for women is wrong.
Marius,
DeleteI am reminded of the virtuous social cycle when reading your thoughts. Especially when you write, "This chain reaction allowing for the members of social group to help yourself...". I feel like that is one the most under-appreciated parts of social work--especially at the global level. That social workers, working in incredibly complex environments, ultimately strive to build up the communities they encounter is what sets us apart from other professions. In many ways, we are striving to promote a self-sustaining, self-growing structure for the people we support.
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ReplyDeleteHealy describes global social work as “an international professional action and the capacity for international action by the social work profession and its members” (Healy 2004). She goes on by describing four dimensions to international social work which include: internationally related domestic practice and advocacy, professional exchange, international practice, and international policy development and advocacy (Healy 2004). If I were to take Healy’s definition and put these dimensions into my own words, I would describe global social work as professional action taken by social workers with the help of global partners that includes work in advocacy, practice, policy, and relationship building. Global social workers take on many roles including educators, program developers and managers, researchers, policy planners, practitioners, etc. In other words, Social Workers take up the role of whatever and whomever is needed in a specific community or area at that time. What I appreciate most about this profession, is the flexibility in which it operates. Global social workers are problem solvers, and will take on whatever role is necessary to tackle the problem and promote peace.
ReplyDeleteAhmadi takes this definition a step further by emphasizing the importance of partnerships in global social work. Ahmadi stresses the importance of “joint endeavors to solve common problems that have emerged as a consequence of the globalization of consciousness…” (Ahmadi 2003). Like Healy, Ahmadi recognizes that social workers take on many roles, but also points out the different agencies that can take part in social work like schools, government agencies, and NGO’s. I think that Ahmadi’s emphasis on partnerships plays very well into the value of self-determination that we hold so dearly. As Social Workers, we believe that people have the right to make their own decisions. This value is extremely important to keep in mind as global social workers move around the world promoting peace. The people of the community that are impacted must be making their own decisions on how to promote peace in their community. Global social workers can help by finding partners within that community that are striving for positive social change and aiding them in their endeavors.
Ewalt and Mokuau bring up a good point in that our definition (in the United States) of self-determination is biased. Due to our ideals surrounding independence, we may forget how social groups in certain cultures influence one another. Ewalt and Mokuau remind us that decisions made for a group or community can empower the individuals within that community. Cultural bias is something that global social workers must always be aware of. In striving to create partnerships, though, global social workers are more likely to keep themselves in check when it comes to cultural implications that affect the work that we are trying to do (Ewalt & Mokuau, 1995). Besides cultural bias, global workers should strive to keep in mind the experiences and perceptions of people in communities that are in transition. These experiences and perceptions shape how people define what peace and freedom means to them. Again, the importance of partnerships plays a part here. Jurkuviene, Ramune and Harrison warn us not to be naïve in our definitions of freedom (Jurkuviene, Ramune, Harrison, 2005). Global social workers should take into consideration what freedom, peace, or social justice means to the population that they have decided to work with. Global social workers should then partner with someone from that population to move forward with steps towards the agreed upon common goal.
I couldn't fit my entire response so I made two blog posts. The second response is the last part of my answer to the question. Sorry for the confusion!
DeleteAll of these ideas, definitions, and values that play a part in global social work can be seen in Yunus’s work with the bank that he founded to aid the poor, more specifically women who were poor. Yunus, as a global social worker, played the role that was needed in the community. In this case, the role was a banker. Yunus advocated for those in need by refusing to listen to those who said his bank would fail or to those who suggested he change the name of his bank. Yunus advocated by instilling his trust into a population that many told him he could not trust. Yunus made partners within the community by allowing the borrowers to run the bank and to invest in its’ success. Yunus fostered the self determination of the beggars in the community by allowing them to make a business out of the work that they were already doing to survive. Yunus educated, planned, encouraged, and financed an entire community of entrepreneurs who were then able to build a life for themselves out of their own volition. Yunus describes poverty as an “externally developed phenomena,” meaning that people do not create poverty… the systems that we have created do (Yunus 2012). As a global social worker and master problem solver, Yunus used his skills to solve the problems that he recognized in vulnerable communities. This brings me to my favorite definition of international social work suggested by Hugman, Moosa-Mitha, and Moyo…
ReplyDelete“International social work refers to education, practice, research, policy and exchanges concerned with the realities of global processes in human well-being” (Hugman, Moosa-Mitha, Moyo, 2010).
At the end of the day, we are all most concerned with human well-being. Global social work involves advocating for human rights across all nations and communities. Yunus was able to do this by recognizing the importance of self-determination, partnership, and the right that all humans have to not live in poverty. In whatever role we take on in communities as global social workers, it is very important that we foster a sense of positive peace and use technology and education for our peace building agenda.
Ahmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalization of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2),
168-175.
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent
World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hugman, R., Moya, M., Moosa-Mitha, (2010). Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5): 629-643.
Jurkuviene, Ramune and Harrison, D. (2005). What kind of freedom? A narrative of change. Social Justice in Context, 1, 93-96.
Fatima,
DeleteI really appreciate the way you've fleshed out the role of partnerships here. It's such a critical component of global social work, and I think it truly sets our approach apart from other aid work. It's sad to acknowledge that we live in a time where authentic, mutually invested peacebuilding coalitions are few and far between. Jay Goldberg's recent piece in The Atlantic on President Obama's foreign policy doctrine, though illuminating, is striking in the way that it captures the way that war-torn nations are used as proxies for geopolitical machinations. I fear that peacebuilding has somehow gotten into bed with 'What's in it for me?"
The overarching principles of social work are respect for the inherent worth and dignity of human beings, doing no harm, respect for diversity and upholding human rights and social justice.
ReplyDeleteA History of Muhammad Yunus shows the respect and trust of the people. He hope, that each person can be an entrepreneur, that creativity and abilities will to solve all the problems in the world.
In Ahmadi‘s words, it is a necessary to see international social work as ,,less an endeavour emanating from one national source than a multi-directional web having the character of a decentered practice“ understanding .
As the impact of globalisation becomes more and more apparent in our daily lives, social workers increasingly are recognizing that our profession is international.
Current challenges in the globalising world: updating warrens‘s change factors, the evolving nature of labor, differentiation of interest and association, increasing relationships to the larger society, bureaucratization, urban Decay and suburbanization in the Global North and increasing poverty, migration and the growth of megacities in the Global South, changing values, persistence of poverty and associated problems, natural disasters and environmental degradation, displacement and refugees, global health problems.
Global social work roles can be: advocate, practitioner with individuals, families, and groups, consultant, educator and researcher.
I think, for global social worker are very important to able:
Define globalization in relation to social work theory and practice.
Define global social work issues faced by individuals, families, and communities around the world.
Understand the roles played by key United Nations programs, international social work federations and non-governmental organizations in contributing to human rights and social development.
Illustrate the application of social work values, ethics and practice to the development of strategies for global change related to key social issues including poverty, gender inequality, health, mental health, ethnic conflict, violence, migration/immigration and child welfare.
Demonstrate skills in implementing evidence informed interventions aimed at creating sustainable social development and conflict resolution.
Utilize intercultural communication skills and culturally informed practices with vulnerable populations.
Articulate how social work values, skills and knowledge about social work practices abroad are applicable to local, regional and international social development goals and programs.
Understand global systemic oppression and how to promote social justice.
Demonstrate skills in working with interdisciplinary teams and developing community partnerships to address global issues.
As it becomes more obvious that the worlds problems are everyones problem, it is likely that more and more social workers will play a part in world affairs. These efforts wont be wasted: Social workers unique skills and flexible approaches to problem-solving can help develop human potential in places where people have been oppressed and create peaceful, mutual solutions to strife-filled situations.
International social work can and should play an important role in consolidating democracy, social justice and the implementation of international conventions such as human right, elimination of discrimination against women, right of children and so supporting peace by promoting global cultural integration.
l hope very much that a social worker will have more powers and skills in the future and a situation in the world will change.
References:
Ahmadi, N. (2003). Globalisation of consciousness and new challemges for international social work. International Social Welfare,12.
Hugman, R. (2010) International Social work –A Critical Analysis.
Jurkuviene, Ramune and Harrison, D.(2005) What kind of freedom? A narrative of change. Social Justice in Context, 1.
Weil, M.,Reisch, M.and Ohmer, M.L.(2010) The Handbook of Community practice.
Inga,
DeleteI think you are exactly right when you say, "As it becomes more obvious that the worlds problems are everyones problem[sic],". The interconnectedness of geopolitical events is unavoidable in an era of rapid globalization. I too hope the global social workers will take on increasing roles to face the complicated challenges in many parts of the world. Your post does make me wonder how exactly that will look though. Will social workers join the burgeoning bureaucracies, like the UN? Or will social workers eschew those structures and remain on the ground, working with one community at a time?
The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. Most of the current events that are happening around the world, a cause for concern and draws our attention to the fact that we are all citizens of one world. No matter where we live, where we work we are all interdependence in political, economical and cultural relationships. As it becomes more obvious that the worlds problems are everyone problem, it is likely that more and more social workers will play a part in world affairs. Social workers play key roles in areas that might be considered more typical of the profession. For example, they counseling and aiding refugees, facilitating international adoptions, providing disaster relief in times of crisis, developing, managing and staffing international service-delivery programs. They are involved as program developers, managers and staff in many national and international organizations that include a social development component. As Lynne M. Healy says, self-determinition - fostering the ability of the client to make his or her own life choises and decisions - is an important principle in Western social work. The NASW Code of Ethics (2008) say that for social worker primary obligation is client and that he should honor a client’s right to self-determination. Social workers respect and promote the right of clients to self-determination and assist clients in their efforts to identify and clarify their goals. The mission of the social work profession is rooted in a set of core values.
ReplyDeleteThese core values, embraced by social workers throughout the profession’s history, are the foundation of social work’s unique purpose and perspective:
ReplyDeleteService to Humanity - service to others is one of the main values in social work, from which all of the other values stem. Social workers acknowledge that serving others is more important than self-interest and put the needs of their clients ahead of their own. Yunus main goal - to help the poor people of Bangladesh. He created a social business having a little money. Without seeking to benefit themselves he invested his money into the business didnt know or succeed, but believing in what he are doing.
Social justice - many social workers decide to enter the profession because they recognize the need to help underprivileged, vulnerable populations. Yunus believes that all people are created equal and that everyone has an equal right to a better life. For him unimportant pepople in the past, for him is important the future of humans.
Human dignity and worth - as a social worker, we understand the inherent value of every human life, regardless of background or beliefs. We respect the differences between your personal beliefs and those of our clients, taking into account ethnic and cultural diversity. Yunus believes that not only educated or wealthy people can be entrepreneurs. He believes the man is by nature businesses. Only you need to give him a chance.
Integrity means acting honesty, responsibly and ethically at all times. We are trustworthy and we don't betray client confidentiality, unless we are required to do so in certain circumstances by law, such as in cases of suicidality. Not only do we act with integrity, but we also promote integrity in our colleagues and other professionals.
Competence - the value of competence means that we practice in our area of expertise -- and we don't misrepresent our skills or experience to get ahead. Competence also means that we are continually striving to improve our knowledge and to make meaningful contributions to the profession.
All this is reflected in the work of Yunus. His social business is focused on those people who are most in need of help. Bangladesh's Yunus gives people the opportunity to live better. It represents and defends the rights of people living in poverty, helping to find solutions, and empowers people to achieve them. Yunus's important is what people want, it respects the choice of each. It allows people to choose nepiršdamas their opinions and views. The main goal in social work is freedom of choice judgmental and empowering approach. We are all different, it is important to realize that what important for one, may not be acceptable for another. In my opinion Yunus's history reflects the characteristics required for social work.
References:
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent
World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
https://socialwork.utexas.edu/dl/files/academic-programs/other/nasw-code-of-ethics.pdf
https://globalfop.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/universalismvsrelativism.pdf
It is important that a social worker should have something unique and ideal to offer human service organizations. Some of the main calls of a social worker are to promote and sustain social development, social change, and social cohesion, liberation of people and empowerment of people. The call for social change relies on the premise that social work intervention should take place when the present status or current situation at the personal level, family level, a small group and a community at large requires positive changes and development. . It is driven by the need to challenge and change those structural conditions that contribute to marginalization, social exclusion and oppression.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Healy (2004), international social work can be viewed as an international practice and the capacity for social workers to carry out an international action in other words, Social work is a global, and human-rights based profession. The social problems and conditions arising out of globalization create significant areas of international responsibility and demands for expanded knowledge and understanding for the social work profession.
It is clear the Yunus had accumulated a wealth of knowledge that helped and directed him to understand the individuals as well as the society at large. Yunus had an effective professional relationship with different groups of people for example the poverty stricken people. The professionalism was demonstrated with values such as individualization, acceptance, non-judgmental attitude, and self-determination. A social worker should therefore create an environment where people no matter what kind of social status they have can purposefully express their feelings. In addition, a social worker must constantly be a counselor to guide the person who needs guidance.
A recognizable effort in Yunus work was the ability to discern that the societal ills such as poverty were not an individualistic problem but as a result of the way the society was structured. The poor in the society in a way has been suppressed of their right to self-determination which was as a result of societal influence. A more complex understanding of self-determination, extending beyond identity solely with individualism, is provided by cultures (Ewalt and Mokua, 1995). Yunus was able to fully understand and also took up the challenge to solve the problem by encouraging the self-determination of the poor by encouraging and entrusting them with funds and allowing them to forge a future for themselves. He not only supported them with the borrowings but also provided consultations to encourage the beggars.
Many people have had strong views on the phenomenon of inequality which is a major factor that contributes to a wide range of social issues ranging from educational disadvantage, intergenerational immobility, undermined social cohesion and gender inequality at the workplace (Nolan, 2009). Yunus recognized this societal ill and proffered a simple but yet an effective means to empower the women and as a result encouraged the self-determination among the women.
Ahmadi (2003) pointed out that the increasing inability of nation states to fully eradicate human suffering as a social problem become internationalized; therefore there is growing need for to widen the horizon from a local approach to how these challenges can be solved on a global approach. As seen in Yunus work, he partnered with a French entrepreneur to establish a business not for the solely to make profits but to solve the problems of undernourishment that has become a national problems affecting mostly children.
References
ReplyDeleteAhmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalisation of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent
World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nolan B (2009). Inequality and Public Policy UCD School of applied and social science working paper series.
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteSocial work is driven by purpose and passion. Connecting our passion, power and purpose to the science of social work is a panacea for the question of its effectiveness. The dynamics within communities around the globe are fluid in nature. Therefore, social workers must always look for creative solutions that help populations advance. The understanding of Muhammad Yunus in proffering creative solutions to the social challenges in his domicile, re echoes some of the global social work concepts. International social workers are in a position to observe how the social politics of these countries work in reality and to learn from the experiences of others how to adapt these practices to national and international laws (Ahmadi, 2003). Clearly, Yunus had observed how the social politics and policies of his country played out, which had adverse effect on a social category of its citizens and in turn gave rise to the creative solutions he adopted.
ReplyDeleteIn putting together the structure and operation of the vehicle that will drive some of his social interventions, Yunusa was careful to first, recognize one of the major social groups that were adversely affected by the deficient structure of the society and introduce this group into this vehicle. In his words “we made it owned by poor women, this is a bank which is owned by the poor ones themselves, right now we have 8.4 million borrowers, 97% of them are women and they own, run the bank and decide the rules and procedures”.(TEDx Talks, 2012). Empowerment of women is a global approach to social work practice and the introduction of feminist theory wielded a lot of influence in his insight to the challenges and solutions.
Entrepreneurship approach was applied by Yunus bank which says “All human beings are entrepreneurs because we all work together to change our life” TEDx Talks, 2012). This approach is designed to address challenges evolved in the external environment after studying its overall and segmental viability and undertaken to reach the desired goal in any particular domain. Yunus’ view towards this concept was more of cooperative rather than individualistic or competitive approach. Competition-people attain their goals only if other participants do not--cooperation-people attain their goals only when other participants do also--and individualism--people attain their goals without affecting the goal attainment of others. Bonta, B. D. (1997). He involved the people in the process of finding solution to their problems which in turn brought growth to the bank and improved their confidence.
A view of self- determination approach was vividly in play to eradication of poverty. In Nigeria, self determination is popularly related to individualistic rather than cooperative approach in eradicating poverty. Yunus distorted the popular postulate that view people as the cause of their poverty. Rather, “poverty is not a creation of poor people but created by the system and concept that we have created. Poverty is externally imposed phenomenal, it is not an internally developed phenomenal”, (TEDx Talks, 2012). Majority of the created external system in the society are capitalism oriented which focus on the rule of laws that benefit only the seeds of private owners as oppose to the rule of man that should aid the seed of the common man. One of the roles of a global social worker is to be educative and practical in highlighting the external factors that causes poverty in other to enable effective social change. Yunus’ educative and practical suggestion of giving loan to a beggar. “would you like to take some merchandise with”, (TEDx Talks, 2012), this was in line with the concept of respecting the client’s right to self-determination which is a longstanding value of global social work.
A high level of selfless approach was demonstrated in his social business approach were he asked to know the number of lives impacted by his initiative as opposed to profit oriented organizations. Yunus was more concerned with giving service to improve the standard of living rather than make profit. The wellbeing of the children was taken into high consideration by adding more nutrients to their yogurt product.
ReplyDeleteOne of the main characteristics of international social work should be the implementation of the idea of partnership and reciprocity. (Ahmadi, 2003). His partnership resulted to encouraging corporate social responsibility by bargaining for product affordability and using the creativity of human beings to solve human and social problems in our society.
References
Ahmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalization of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
TEDx Talks. (2012, January 18). TedxVienna - Muhammad Yunus
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Bonta, B. D. (1997). Cooperation and competition in peaceful societies. Psychological Bulletin, 121(2), 299.
Healy, L. M. (2008). International social work: Professional action in an interdependent world. Oxford University Press, USA.
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ReplyDeleteUsing Bandas village memory from video and idea from poem , That girl will marry when she want , and anyone can’t force her to marry, even they beat her . And it is said about marriage that they are marrying in young age about 12-13 years old , then girls are just Kids and become pregnant. It’s the problem of old customs of some communities or cities or countries. As the global social worker I would build community counseling center in this type of city to teach and change understanding, by social work practice and UN human rights convention, because, those girls lose their dignity by marrying in young age and being pregnant by old customs, in new ages it also has to be implemented new policies and new laws that protects girls from marrying in young age. This kind of counseling and changing attitudes and customs that girls also can finish schools, can go to universities or colleges and whenever they will marry. This Kind of problem is related with Roma people with some poorest Africa’s countries and also , this also related with India or Arabian some countries. Later unwell educated women ,living in poor also with few or much more kids and even bad situation , because maybe first or all marriages went wrong, and now women left alone with kids. Nicholas Kristoff's book Half the sky say: About rape victims in South Africa age 15 , and basically gender based violence against women, those problem came in poorest countries and also colonial countries. This defines that a global social worker should be also involved not also by advocating, teaching, changing but also watching issues of that society. This question also relates with first question by Muhammad Yunus and his microfinance to women in India. That it depend from cultural surroundings and also ,women ar also are dependant from family ,men and old cultural customs. But new ages came and Globally we have to teach how to respect dignity, and human right that is not written in customs, and should be changed and protected from violence and rape ,forced marriage by old customs.
ReplyDeleteBy Jurate Seduikiene and our government and our society we have data on gender based violence, and mainly victims become women in families also who seek work .There is a lot of human right violation by men, when is women beaten up or economically superset or her right violated by employer not employing her properly,to appropriate work position. (http://lpf.lt/files/Lithuania-CESR-23.pdf ) It is also pity that still believed that women has to obey to men , if they don’t men can use violence. Also the problems of defining the concept of domestic violence in Lithuania from the perspective of international law, focusing on the problem of delimitation of domestic violence and gender-based violence against women it is international problem. By Laima Vaige The relevance of the analysis in the area of domestic violence against women in Lithuania is tremendous. According to the last specialised Eurobarometer report, 48 per cent of the Lithuanian respondents in Lithuania said they knew a female victim of domestic violence within their circle of friends or family. (https://www.mruni.eu/upload/iblock/ff9/019_vaige.pdf ) . There is big problem in rural area there is big issues by abusing by big amaounts of alcochol , wchich comes to families in social risk and ect. Also these comes families in big conflicts or even violence or killings.
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ReplyDeleteThe role of global social work is not one dimensional, nor has it remained stagnant throughout the years. Instead, global social work is a complex, multi-facet field that bridges gaps between economic, ecological, and social changes throughout various cultures. Moreover, one of the most distinct roles within global social work is to promote various categories of freedom throughout communities, including political freedoms, economic freedoms, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective roles.
Hugman, Moosa-Mitha, & Moyo (2010) refer to the concept of international, or global social work, as combining multiple different elements into one concept. By detailing the field throughout time, they explain how global social work was first seen simply as working within the social work field in a country other than our own and has now been adapted to refer “to education, practice, research, policy, and exchanges concerned with the realities of global processes of human well being.” Thus, the focus within global social work has shifted away from the latent knowledge of simply “working abroad” and has focused more towards the ideal of an international process that looks at the well being of a community at large.
Healy, 2004 echoes such elements of global social work and breaks down the field to include four distinct categories: internationally related domestic practice and advocacy, international practice, professional exchange, and international policy. The writing of Ahmadi (2003) contributes the idea of global partnerships to the definition, and discusses the work that can be completed with stakeholders from various organizations in various cultures and communities joining together to complete a common goal.
While global practice within the field of social work can be defined in many ways and through various lens, it is still of utmost importance to understand how the fundamentals of social work continue to play the most prominent of roles including considering the person within the environment, building off of a strengths based perspective, valuing all human rights, and always paying tribute to the notion of self-determination. Self-determination is the notion that Ewalt and Mokuau (1995) refer to as “the condition in which behavior emanates from a person’s own wishes, choices, and decisions.” A fundamental principle of social work is to allow an individual to have a stake in the game, to make thy own decisions, to have an independent voice. And, while Ewalt and Mokuau go on to detail how the definition of self-determination within social work has been defined from a more western perspective, failing to consider cultures that define it from a more collective sense, it is regardless still a principle on which social work, including international social work, is founded upon.
With such a foundation, Muhammad Yunus’s establishment of Grameen Bank serves as a prime example of success within global social work. By creating a microfinance system that provides small loans to “beggars” in hopes of empowering these individuals to be the entrepreneur of their own business, Yunus is detailing a system that takes the global idea of microfinance and individualizes it to a community in need through the previously discussed notion of self-determination. At no point did the bank indicate what the women HAD to do with their loan, or the restrictions that came with the money. Instead, they displayed a sense of trust in the women, and what Yanus goes on to explain as instilling a sense of confidence for showing these women, quite possibly for the first time, that someone believes in their ability to achieve.
ReplyDeleteMoreover, Yanus details a story about how he partnered with a French businessman to create a social business that produces a yogurt in a community overwhelmed by malnourished children. Not only does this example highlight the previously discussed importance of global partnerships, but it also takes the social work concept of person within the environment to a new level, looking at the need of the people within the community: nutrition, and then creating a platform to solve this need through microfinance and social business.
While Muhammad Yunus serves as a textbook example of global social work, micro finance, and social business, to me what he represents more than anything is that of hope. By listening to Yunus speak, I gained a sense of hope that there are people, ideas, and institutions that are partnering to bring about basic human freedoms, respect human rights, and create a sense of peace the expands beyond borders.
Ahmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalisation of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Hugman, R., M. Moosa-Mitha, & Moyo, O. (2010). Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5): 629-643.
TEDx Talks. (2012, January 18). TedxVienna - Muhammad Yunus - A History of Microfinance [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
The increasing impact of globalization stimulates welfare policy and social work practice transcendent their national and cultural boundaries. Thus the role of global social worker expands and takes more and more importance to ensure balance and harmony in global society.
ReplyDeleteAs N. Ahmadi (2003) states, “international social work can and should play an important role in consolidating democracy, social justice and the implementation of international conventions such as human rights, elimination of discrimination against women, rights of children and so on, as well as preventing conflicts and supporting peace by promoting global cultural integration.“
Social workers, according to Ahmadi (2003), "are in position to observe how the social politics in these countries work in reality and to learn from the experience of other how to adapt these practices to national and international laws". However every country, depending on states’ history, economic or political situation and cultural features, has different expectation and needs. That’s why global social worker while performing his role, must know the community’sin which his is working peculiarities. In global social work activities it is very important to keep in mind that the world is full of different cultures.
Patricia L. Ewalt and N.Mokuauin their article illustrates that welfare in different countries can be understood differently: „ In addition to non-Western people, reference to group rather than individual interests may be a dominant feature with Western people of lower socioeconomic class and women. For example, according to Shneider and Smith (1987), „ whereas the middle class lays strong emphasis upon the self-sufficiency and solidarity of the nuclear family against all other kinship tie and groupings, in the lower class the emphasis is upon keeping open the options – upon maximizing the number of relationships with involve diffuse solidarity“. That means that personal welfare in one state can be understood as individualism, and in another country as welfare of group to which person belongs. So it is evident that the concept of welfare in one state can be held as unacceptable and inappropriate in other countries.
The aim of Yunus social business essentially meets the aim of global social work. His business is oriented to solving social problems which emerge in his environment. He helps people of the lowest class and at the same time incorporates other countries in problem solving. In this way social work becomes global.
The ideas of Yunus reflects many elements of global social work. First element in Yunus work philosophy is social justice and human rights. Yunus creates Grameen Bank who provides loans to the poorest people, he helps beggars, women and students. He believes that “poverty is the absence of all human rights” so then he tries to consolidate this principle while providing loans to the poorest people.
ReplyDeleteHis idea is based on democracy and human equality. He tries to eliminate the discrimination against women. This is implemented while providing loans without any distinction. For me it seems very important that Yunus believes in human being. Everyone can be "businessman, every man can make money, can keep himself and his family”. Yunus believes that “once the poor can unleash their energy and creativity, poverty will disappear very quickly”. In this way Yunus
helps poor people to regain their dignity. He does not give charity ¬– he provides poor ones with friendly conditions for the starting point. For me such faith in human kind seems to be the most important value of social work.
Reference:
Ahmadi Naner (2003) Globalisation consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare.
Patricia L. Ewalt and Noreen Mokuau (1995) Self determination from a Pacific perspective.
Richard Hugman (2013) Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social work.
TED Talks, (2012) Muhammad Yunus, A Histori of microfinance, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
Poverty is a significant driver in generating social exclusion. Vosyliūtė (2002, p.26)
ReplyDeleteclaims that “belonging to the class of destitute people creates a feeling and images
of hardship, trouble and sometimes pity in the social sphere. Poor people are more
likely to commit crimes, they tend to lose their pride within community (they are less
valued and respected, there is an unwillingness to communicate with them)”. As
such, a chain reaction takes shape, which perpetuates social exclusion over time.
In Lithuania, the dynamics of poverty and social inclusion are hard to evaluate
objectively due to rapidly changing assessment indicators in measuring levels of
absolute poverty as well as relative poverty. Considering by Muhammad Yunus in every country which has struggle with big quantity of poverty and poor people, to create „Village banks“ or innovative professions from beggers who was begging money for food and, became door to door salesman. To stop poverty social workers would create something like door to door sales man or even easy job , which can give them money for food , house and create new page of life from beginning. Also each country could create taxes for wealthy people and taxes come to social account which is managed by social workers , and who could create basic new life for people in new living place like social housing ,with beginner things to do housing (like pots, plates, washing machine, stove, cupboards, bed, and ect. And it would be small city part where same size flats blocks would be where they would live and be visited by social workers and also step out from poverty, another thing is managed by social worker not government , municipality or wealthy so social worker could make clear decisions by social work values and ideas. This also overcome corruption and also additional documentation to the municipalities or governments, this would be managed in every country by social workers. And this Aid would be not from lowest salaries getting and also struggling to survive but from wealthy people benefit of their tax pay to this social fund for helping people to step out poverty .
We live in a global society and as social workers it is no longer sufficient to focus solely on the issues and problems of our native lands. Hugman, Moosa-Mitha, and Moyo gave a timeline that helps you understand the development of global social work. Global social work started out as a social worker working in a country different then his/her own and morphed into social workers working with migrants and immigrants. Today it includes working with international organizations, having countries share ideas, work together on projects that cross national borders, and having an understanding that the global economy has an impact on people’s well being (Hugman, Moosa-Mitha, Moyo, 2010). What happens in one country can greatly affect the lives of people all over the world and as social workers we need to be aware of what is going on so we can make a plan of action. Technology has impacted this by allowing us to know what is going on in other countries, almost instantaneously, which is helping the growth of global social work.
ReplyDeleteWith global social work comes the importance of remembering cultural humility and fundamental social work principles. Global social work lends itself to multinational collaboration and with that, workers need to be aware of cultural differences and possible personal biases. Works must also always remember the core values and that everyone involved wants the same thing- social justice and respecting human rights.
Workers must be culturally humble in dealings with colleagues but also with clients. This ties in with the social work value of self-determination. Workers always have to remember that the client, whether that is an individual, family, group, organization, or society, knows themselves the best and knows when and what they need help with. It is their right to participate in the helping process (Ewalt & Mokuau, 1995) Culture plays a huge role in self-determination and different cultures value different things. Some cultures value the individual while some value the family and global social workers cannot let their own cultural norms override the self-determination of the people they are trying to help.
I think the main elements of international social work are understanding, education, and collaboration. International social workers must first be able to understand the issue in the context of the culture they are working in. Yunus saw an issue in his community and was able to make a change because he had an understanding that everyone is able to survive by being entrepreneurs, something that others discounted as false. Education is the next step. Education is not only about facts and skills, but also self-worth. Yunus was able to educate the poor and beggars on confidence. They had been told their entire lives that they amount to nothing. He was able to loan them money and they were able to go to houses that they beg at and sell goods. This built up their confidence. Last is collaboration. Yunus talked with a Frenchman about this social business. They were able to build a company that processes yoghurt for the malnourished children in Bangladesh. They are working on expanding this and working through international collaboration for water, shoes and other goods.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Hugman, R., Moya, M., Moosa-Mitha, (2010). Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5): 629-643.
TEDx Talks. (2012, January 18). TedxVienna - Muhammad Yunus - A History of Microfinance [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
If we talk about social work in 21st century it is difficult to narrate the role of a social worker. One needs to understand that every county has its own culture, politics, history and it can be predicted that every county has different issues, different knowledge and social practices of social workers. On the other hand issues, which appear in one county can become of interested to whole world and a social worker who worked in a narrow circle can become an more international and think globally. L. Healy (2008) says that globalization has created sectors of international responsibilities for environmental changes of social work. It is often that for specialists of any field, social worker included, it is “convenient” to work in micro level because of the fear to look globally to the profession and to with thinking globally to start understanding the social worker in a broader specter. Social workers should encourage social change for it is defined in the professional mechanism of social work and in order to encourage change we have to help people to solve problems; but also we, ourselves have to step out of our comfort zone.
ReplyDeleteAhmadi (2003) says that in social work partnership is main point and social workers are spectators in the sense that social politics operates in reality and has an opportunity to watch the practices of other countries and how it is used in national and international level.
Encouraging cooperation and communication between different nations social workers it is a good idea to install a thinking that sharing practices would allow solve more effectictive and quicker solving of problems, doesn’t matter how what kind of practices these would be. Moreover that 21st century is considered to be the century of information and technology and technology enables us to communicate and exchange information through short periods of times and the result can be very satisfying or it can show areas that need improvement.
In any case, to know practices of other countries makes it easier to evaluate the situation in our own country and to look for means how to improve it as oppose to blindly try several times without realizing what consequences it may have. In social work flexible attitude towards solving problems and the nurturing of humanity are global virtues and goals.
Social work should be based on unconditional trust of social workers and their clients. It is exactly trust that Muhamad Yunus emphasized as the main engine of the world. Yunus stressed that trust is the main road to success and the facts that clients have the freedom to choose what they wish to do with the loaned money shows how creative and different thinking can be. Yunus is a like a social worker acting and thinking globally. Ewalt, Makau (1995) said that decision made globally, without a doubt, touch every one of us. Yunus made a point that poverty is the problem not of those in poverty, but a problem of the entire world, because we together build the framework for it to spawn. Solving the issues social business is born, the problems becomes not a bad thing, it becomes an opportunity. Yunus created a system for helping vulnerability of society, a system which shows that creativity, skills and ability can solve any global problems and that it can be done by anyone. During the mundane rhythm of life of social workers problem solving on a micro level it is not always understood that he is solving global problems important to the entire world.
References:
Ahmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalisation of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
TEDx Talks. (2012, January 18). TedxVienna - Muhammad Yunus - A History of Microfinance [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
Edita, I really like that you talked about trust with Yunus, it is something that I had not thought about. His whole concept started by trusting that the beggars would not take his money and run. I think that when you show trust towards someone it shows that you respect him or her and believe in him or her. Respect is the basis of building a relationship.
DeleteThank you Sara for your reflection.
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DeleteSarah Hager
ReplyDeleteThe role of a global social worker is to consolidate democracy. One way to ensure that is to reduce poverty. But it’s always important to have a look at the regional needs for creating solutions. A global social worker should show global solidarity. He or she should prevent conflicts as well as to keep peace. A social worker also has to involve new social actors to frame common solutions. The role of a global social worker is also to do internationally related domestic practice and advocacy for example by addressing problems which cross national boundaries like drug sale. Global social work doesn’t only mean to work in or for other countries. It also means to use knowledge gained from other countries to improve the work in the home country. Global social work can also be seen as a social movement which has the possibility to engage, challenge and re-articulate the efforts of social justice.
As a social worker it is very important to respect the self-determination of the clients. A social worker should always support the clients in a way they want it and don’t try to convince the clients to do something they don’t want to. Everyone knows best what he or she needs. But it’s not only about respecting decisions clients make it’s also about respecting the person itself. Different people can have different points of view and different values. People from different cultures can like and dislike different things. Because of that social workers should always support their clients in their causes and in the process of finding out what would be the best for the client.
For me it is very important to always go a step backwards and to reflect if my actions are really in the interest of my clients or if it’s only me who things that something should be done or changed. I think Yunus did that very well. He concentrated on the needs of his clients and tried to improve his work based on that. He didn’t push anyone in a direction, he only made an offer available for everyone and the clients had the opportunity to choose if they us it or not.
I also really like the idea that Yunus looked at the skills people have and that he empowered them to see them and that he showed how to use those skills in a more effective way. By doing so and by establishing Grameen Bank he promoted social development perfectly.
(Part 1)
ReplyDeleteOne of my struggles during my undergraduate studies was learning to manage the power dynamic in individual therapy between myself and the client. As a young intern, I was hesitant to create professional relationships with clients; I wanted to be their friends and create [what I saw at the time as] more authentic partnerships.
My challenge was rooted in similar beliefs that Yunus stated such as "All human beings are entrepreneurs" and "We all worked together to save our lives" (TEDx Talk, 2012). I ruminate on these ideas that we are all equal, all capable of the same thing, and that we are successful when we collaborate.
But what does that mean for my role as a social worker who respects the values of the Code of Ethics? And what elements of global social work must I consider when conceptualizing my personal role, especially in a therapeutic environment?
Hugman, Moosa-Mitha and Moyo (2010) acknowledge that “rights of social citizenship are circumscribed within a power dynamic, resulting in differential experiences of social citizenship. (p. 630). They question if social workers efforts are egalitarian or if they are “another nightmare of (inappropriately) universalizing language” (p. 631). I think a simple way to combat this possibility is by adopting a more global worldview.
Ahmadi (2003) acknowledges that “welfare policy and social work practice transcend their national and cultural boundaries” (p. 14), but I am not sure that U.S. social work students are trained/taught within this framework. Luckily, once I began taking macro-focused classes, my perception of a social worker’s role evolved even more.
In contrast with stereotypical American ideology, Yunus stated that the social impact of his project is not based on how much money people make (TEDx Talk, 2012). I have yet to have a job in social services that does not measure profit (or fundraising) as a means of effective outcomes. His work is incontestably successful, so perhaps our tools we use to measure success need to be reevaluated.
Ahmadi also discusses the importance of “global solidarity”, “elimination of discrimination of women,” etc. as prevention methods for conflict (Ahmadi, 2003, p. 14). This is exactly what Yunus did. In the face of cultural barriers, Yunus helped individuals in ways that ultimately confronted forms of oppression. Not only that, but Yunus’ work aligns with Ahmadi’s notion that international social work is “based on the principle of mutuality and partnership” (p. 15). If only I had this role model in 2009 when I struggled with what it meant to be a social worker. I had a narrow-minded view of what a therapeutic relationship looked like and that self-determination was concept only for individuals.
(Part 2)
ReplyDeleteAfter traveling and working abroad after college, Ahmadi’s characteristics of international social work became evident. “International social work does not imply simply the outflow of knowledge and experience from the developed countries to the developing ones; it implies an inflow to the developed countries as well” (Ahmadi, 2003, p. 16). The “idea of partnership and reciprocity" that he describes as a “multidirectional web” is the eloquent way of describing the element of global social work that I find important and that challenged me in college. Because we live in the "global world" that so many experts describe in social work literature, my professional work in one arbitrarily drawn state/region has directly aided my ability to work in other areas. Witnessing firsthand what family units and community efforts look like in non-Western regions completely changed my view of self-determination before I had the literature to confirm it.
I wholeheartedly am invested in the idea of global social work. As Yunus said, the poor people he worked with were like bonsai trees and can grow if given the space. They can grow their businesses and realize their potential, but as white Americans, if given the space to see past our own backgrounds, we will also (mutually) benefit from other worldviews. For example, viewing self-determination as more than “the right to make [your] own decision” (Ewalt, 1995, p. 168), but putting an emphasis on strengthening connection and commitment to a group (p. 170) only adds more possibilities for solutions no matter who I am collaborating with. Whether based on geographical region or the “convergence of feminine values with non-European values” (p. 173), self-determination is broader than the individualistic definition. Ultimately, “each fundamental principle of social work should be subjected to scrutiny to assess cultural bias” (p. 173).
If we are open to new ideas, the innovation can, like Yunus' yogurt endeavor that had financial gain and fought malnutrition, confront the problems that have evolved as a result of globalization.
References
Ahmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalisation of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Healy, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hugman, R., M. Moosa-Mitha, & Moyo, O. (2010). Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5): 629-643.
TEDx Talks. (2012, January 18). TedxVienna - Muhammad Yunus - A History of Microfinance [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
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ReplyDeleteThe roles of a global social worker are important because we are all global social workers to a certain extent, we cannot provide services to our clients without the global world affecting them in one way or another. Our profession requires us to be people that respect the dignity of the human person, and we cannot do that just by only looking at the person in front of us. Our work no longer lives in a bubble; we are a part of a global economy this means what we purchase, who we vote for and how we live our lives affects everyone else. As Healy (2008) mentions in her book how the 9/11 terrorist attack affected individuals who live in Afghanistan and Iraq with the wars, and the economy of the Caribbean because of U.S. citizen’s hesitations to travel. Our roles are to be informed, accepting and aware of what our clients may be facing.
ReplyDeleteYunus’ work embodies both parts of global social work and self-determination. He does this by effortlessly providing a starting point for the women, by creating a bank that allows the women who are living in poverty to make the decision to take out the loan. The investment provides the female clients the ability to have the power over their lives without anyone telling them what to do. Which in essence is what self-determination is. Yunus saw this as a problem which allowed him to advocate for the women while also providing the resources, as social workers we offer our clients with the toolbox, and they learn how to use the tools. As global social workers, we are aware of the problems that affect our clients as well as their skills. Yunus does this effortlessly by using the main types of global social work; casework assistance to distressed minority groups and international cooperation through private organizations.
Yunus empowers the women who make up 97% of his bank by focusing on their strengths. He does this by helping a woman who traditionally begs for food or begs for money to realize that she could also be a great door to door saleswoman. By empowering these women to do use these tools they already obtain to have more business and revenue gives them greater control over their lives and choice in their decisions (Ewalt & Mokau, 1995). To me it is important to empower our clients, more it is more important to me to empower women and girls especially financially. I have seen first hand what happens when you provide women with money even if it is tiny microfinance loans and the difference it makes in a household. One of the programs I participated with in Ecuador did exactly this, the difference in helping a woman recognize her worth was astonishing compared to giving a loan to a man. I wholeheartedly love Yunus’ work.
Healy, Lynne M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
TEDx Talks. (2012, January 18). TedxVienna - Muhammad Yunus - A History of Microfinance [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
The roles of a global social worker could be defined as internationally related domestic practice and advocacy, professional exchange, international practice, international policy development and advocacy (Healey, 2008). Also we could say that international (=global) social work refers to education, practice, research, policy and exchanges concerned with the realities of global processes in human well-being. Further, international social work refers to the practice, policy and exchanges concerning situations in which the social worker, the service user or the nature and cause of the issue that brings two actors together has moved in some way across the borders between nations. Conceptualization can be interpreted variously as transcending, transmitting, transforming or transgressing (for definitions see below) borders according to who or what has moved and what is the impact of this movement on other people and institutions, or as wider social issues, in the location(s) of the social work practices being considered (Hugman, Moya, Moosa-Mitha, 2010). International social work should play an important role in consolidating democracy, social justice and the implementation of international conventions such as human rights, elimination of discrimination against women, rights of children and so on, as well as preventing conflicts and supporting peace by promoting global cultural integration. International social workers are in the position to observe how the social politics of countries work in reality and to learn from the experiences of others how to adapt these practices to national and international laws. Social work must tackle the challenge of redefining its role and mission in relation to the globalisation of consciousness and the globalization of social problems. In this way social work contribute to promoting peace building and peace keeping (Ahmadi, 2003).
ReplyDeleteSo we could say that the main social work values of self-determination are human being, person freedom (for example to choose), personal welfare, legal things like the right to private property or to have privileges, a respect for every human being, the right to self-expression (Jurkuvienė, Harrison, 2005). Also clients right to make their own decisions, their right to actively participate in the helping process, their right to lead a life of their own choosing (Ewalt, Mokuau, 1995).
According to Muhammad Yunus, it is very important do not say people that they are bad because time to time they will start to believe in this. We as social workers have to encourage every person and to find something positive about every person and every situation. We have to give them opportunities to change their life. There is nothing wrong with the people. Every situation (for example poverty) is not created by poor people. Poverty is created by the system we have created. So one of the main our aim is to help people start solve their social problems. We must respect every human being and give opportunity to make changes. We have to start and to work with small steps.
Ahmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalization of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self-determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent
World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hugman, R., Moya, M., Moosa-Mitha, (2010). Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5): 629-643.
Jurkuviene, Ramune and Harrison, D. (2005). What kind of freedom? A narrative of change. Social Justice in Context, 1, 93-96.
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNowadays people get cognizance with many different definitions of social work profession. The fallowing definitions are brightening scientifically our knowledge on social work.
ReplyDelete“Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing. The above definition may be amplified at national and/or regional levels” (IASSW/IFSW 2014).
''International social work refers to education, practice, research, policy and exchanges concerned with the realities of global processes in human well-being''. (Hugman, Moosa-Mitha, Moyo, 2010).
''International social work can should play an important role in consolidating democracy, social justice and the implementation of international conventions such as human rights, elimination of discrimination against women, rights of children and so on, as well as preventing conflicts and supporting peace by promoting global cultural integration'' (Nader A.2002)
Appearing of above definitions, social workers aim to open the doors of access and opportunity for everyone, particularly those in greatest need. A brief glance at the many roles of social workers shows how this value system underscores everything they do (NASW 2012).
These definitions convey meanings that social work is helping, peace building, peace keeping, avoiding selflessness, assisting, enabling, empowering, constructing democracy eliminating any kind of discrimination... In these contents we may handle ''avoiding selflessness'' and ''empowering'' as key words for Muhammed Yunus's approach towards to poverty population which enable people to stand up against to life as well as creating huge economical and environmental opportunities and changing perspective at disadvantages background in global social work. He does not blame people with their poverty. In his speech he mentioned that ''There is nothing wrong people. Poverty is not created by poor people. Poverty is created by the system that we have built, the concept that we've built'' (TEDx Talk, 2012).
Poverty is the phenomenon which is not existed internal. If we prevent external imposition people will raise up human being as anybody else. (TEDx Talk, 2012). In case of any problem he started to create business to solve the problem. He absolutely knows how to empower people who are in disadvantage background. For that reason we could obviously say that ''empowering'' is inspiring factor in these definitions for him in the field of human being and increasing welfare. As he mentioned about poverty which is not imposed internal, he runs our minds that global social work will get succeed by activating community without eliminating people according to their power. For that reason this activity moves social work from narrow perspective to global level and beside of empowering people, he success integration process, too.
ReplyDeleteI would like to comment about the new fashion of Social Responsibility Projects in some organizations which built for money and which could not achieve any solid success, they could get Muhammed Yunus's creativeness as a brighten conductor as well as avoiding selflessness.
International Federation of Social Workers, Definition of Social Work Profession
http://ifsw.org/policies/definition-of-social-work/ (Accessed on 15.03.2016)
National Association of Social Workers (NASW) (2012) Social Work Speaks: National Association of Social Workers Policy Statements 2012-2014 Washington, DC.
Ahmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalization of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Hugman R., Moya, M. Moosa-Mitha, (2010). Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5): 629-643.
TEDx Talks. (18.01.2012). Tedx Vienna- Muhammed Yunus -A History of Microfinance.
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteInternational social work is discussed by Ahmadi, (2003) as ''a partnership between diverse social actors such as practitioners, academic institutions, local governments and Non-governmental organisations - collaborating beyond the boundaries of nation-state.''
ReplyDeleteGlobal social work should play important role in promoting democracy, social justice, human rights, self-determination, elimination of discrimination against women, and global cultural integration.
Muhammad Yunus' determination to empower poor people in his country -Bangladesh by reconstructing and reversing the accepted policies of conventional banking represents a radical and practical example of how global social workers can become more creative and resourceful in solving diverse problems which may be presented by clients.
In order to communicate effectively with a client who may be poor, the global social worker must understand that poverty is not created by its victims. Rather, it is externally imposed by the political system we have in place (Tedx Talks, 2012).
After listening to Muhammad Yunus' Tedx talk (2012), it was demonstrated that the human capacity to create alternative ways of addressing social problems in the global communities is limitless. For example, the conceptual framework of running a business for profit-making was reversed to become a social business against the single minded pursuit of monetary profit as described by Yunus in his talk. If every human being is an entrepreneur as Yunus described in the video, it means we can change our individual destinies if given the opportunity to do so.
At a glance after watching the video, social work students like me might be wondering what global social work has to do with the history of microfinance. In order to solve social economic problems of poverty for example, Yunus introduced a reversed and unconventional banking policy by targeting the poor people as customers of Grameen bank instead of chasing the rich. Poor women (about 97%) are customers of the bank and shareholders as well, unlike the normal banks owned by majority of rich men who are customers. Loans are given to the poor, including women and without collateral instead of loaning to mostly rich men. Practically, Yunus used the Grameen bank as a vehicle to target potential entrepreneurial customers at the grass root by reminding global social workers of their responsibility to challenge such oppressive political systems, which undermine the freedoms of clients and communities to seek self- determination (Ewait & Mokua 1995). Ahmadi (2003) describes this grass root mobilisation of rural communities as anti-oppressive international social work an aggressive method adapted to the decentralized organisation of welfare which promote interregional cooperation (Ibid p.20).
For example, beggars who received loans from Grameen Bank were not pressurized to give up begging. Instead, they became better organised and have freedom to use their money the way they want, provided they repay the loan they were given.
The fundamental principle that drives social workers and which differentiate them from other professions is their pursuit for social justice. Whether locally or globally based, social workers are found in the front line of defence for their clients in specific solutions and they are part of community's safety net.
References
Ahmadi , Nader (2003) Globalisation of Consciousness and new challenges International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewait, P. & Mokua, N. (1995) Self-determination from a Pacific perspective.
Social Work 40(2), 168-175.
Hugman, R., Moosa-Mitha, M., & Moyo. O. (2010) Towards a borderless Social Work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5),629-643.
International social work is discussed by Ahmadi, (2003) as ''a partnership between diverse social actors such as practitioners, academic institutions, local governments and Non-governmental organisations - collaborating beyond the boundaries of nation-state.''
ReplyDeleteGlobal social work should play important role in promoting democracy, social justice, human rights, self-determination, elimination of discrimination against women, and global cultural integration.
Muhammad Yunus' determination to empower poor people in his country -Bangladesh by reconstructing and reversing the accepted policies of conventional banking represents a radical and practical example of how global social workers can become more creative and resourceful in solving diverse problems which may be presented by clients.
In order to communicate effectively with a client who may be poor, the global social worker must understand that poverty is not created by its victims. Rather, it is externally imposed by the political system we have in place (Tedx Talks, 2012).
After listening to Muhammad Yunus' Tedx talk (2012), it was demonstrated that the human capacity to create alternative ways of addressing social problems in the global communities is limitless. For example, the conceptual framework of running a business for profit-making was reversed to become a social business against the single minded pursuit of monetary profit as described by Yunus in his talk. If every human being is an entrepreneur as Yunus described in the video, it means we can change our individual destinies if given the opportunity to do so.
At a glance after watching the video, social work students like me might be wondering what global social work has to do with the history of microfinance. In order to solve social economic problems of poverty for example, Yunus introduced a reversed and unconventional banking policy by targeting the poor people as customers of Grameen bank instead of chasing the rich. Poor women (about 97%) are customers of the bank and shareholders as well, unlike the normal banks owned by majority of rich men who are customers. Loans are given to the poor, including women and without collateral instead of loaning to mostly rich men. Practically, Yunus used the Grameen bank as a vehicle to target potential entrepreneurial customers at the grass root by reminding global social workers of their responsibility to challenge such oppressive political systems, which undermine the freedoms of clients and communities to seek self- determination (Ewait & Mokua 1995). Ahmadi (2003) describes this grass root mobilisation of rural communities as anti-oppressive international social work an aggressive method adapted to the decentralized organisation of welfare which promote interregional cooperation (Ibid p.20).
For example, beggars who received loans from Grameen Bank were not pressurized to give up begging. Instead, they became better organised and have freedom to use their money the way they want, provided they repay the loan they were given.
The fundamental principle that drives social workers and which differentiate them from other professions is their pursuit for social justice. Whether locally or globally based, social workers are found in the front line of defence for their clients in specific solutions and they are part of community's safety net.
References
Ahmadi , Nader (2003) Globalisation of Consciousness and new challenges International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewait, P. & Mokua, N. (1995) Self-determination from a Pacific perspective.
Social Work 40(2), 168-175.
Hugman, R., Moosa-Mitha, M., & Moyo. O. (2010) Towards a borderless Social Work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5),629-643.
The Grameen Bank is a classic example of self-determination. By granting ownership to the lender/borrower community of the poor, the chains of dependency are broken, and new doors of development are opened. “Once the poor can unleash their energy and creativity, poverty will disappear very quickly” (Yunus, 2006). Not only does economic poverty disappear, but also the crushing stigma and alienation that so often accompany it. The Bob Marley line about being freed from ‘mental slavery’ is an appropriate one, because self-determination frees one to think autonomously regarding oneself and one’s world, which in turn (as evident in the case of the Grameen Bank) frees up the ability to advocate for fair treatment of oneself and one’s community.
ReplyDeleteIn summary, Yunus’ Grameen Bank offers a replicable model and effective tool for the global social worker, as s/he seeks to implement best practices, which reach far beyond political boundaries, and proffer concrete hope in the face of grinding poverty. By catalyzing solidarity, building bridges of trust, and forging self-determination, this model (and others like it) create pathways toward freedom, self-actualization, and a just peace.
References:
Ahmadi, Nader. (2003). Globalisation of consciousness and new challenges for international social work. International Social Welfare, 12, 14-23.
Ewalt, P. & Mokuau, N. (1995). Self determination from a Pacific perspective. Social Work. 40(2), 168-175.
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Muhammad Yunus, The Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, 2006.
Healy (2008) says “...social workers, individually or through their agencies and organizations, have engaged in international action, action that requires knowledge about internationals relations, about the realities of other nations, and about the profession of social work as it is practiced throughout the world. The range of action is broad – from full-time professional overseas practice to domestic practice in which an occasional case with international dimensions is encountered.” (p. 4). These words, though simply written, have such significance when considering the roles of a global social worker. That is, global social work can be considered literal in meaning – across borders – or rather, as Healy said, with an occasional case with international dimensions. It is important to remember, however, that all individuals, whether international or local, are in their full right to self-determination. Furthermore, individuals that we, as social workers, will work with have some form of global relation. However, it is our role as social workers to build the confidence of those we work with, whether globally or domestically, and to ensure that those who are impoverished (global or non) to assume the potential they have within themselves. Yunus (2006) states, “Once the poor can unleash their energy and creativity, poverty will disappear very quickly”. Yunus (2006) further emphasizes that poverty is created by systems, us individuals, have built. As individuals and as a society, we create the stigma that is associated with those ‘less fortunate’ than us. Self-determination, as Yunus describes it, is the creativity of human beings. This creativity needs to be channeled to address the problems our systems have created. Currently, our society does not give individuals the room to grow creatively; restricting these individuals to grow equally as others. In order to assure growth, as individuals, and as social workers, we must enforce solidarity, trust and peace among one another and create space for creativity to grow.
ReplyDeleteHealy, Lynne M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
TEDx Talks. (2012, January 18). TedxVienna - Muhammad Yunus - A History of Microfinance [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UCuWxWiMaQ
Healey defines 4 major dimensions of the global social worker: internationally-related domestic practice and advocacy, professional exchange, international practice, international policy development and advocacy. Yunus has advanced the opportunities of the oppressed people of his country, and has extended his model as an example for other countries to utilize. He has partnered with other social entrepreneurs to increase his capacity to serve and worked to protect the rights of impoverished people both domestically and abroad. His role as a social business leader has allowed him to make enter into international partnerships that determines its success outside of revenue and on social impact.
ReplyDeleteJust as Hugman, Moosa-Mitha, & Moyo (2010) describe international social work as “a site for engaging, challenging and re-articulating efforts of social justice…” Yunus has challenged and changed the perspective on accepted practices. He had an incredibly simple business plan for his bank: find out what the regular big banks are doing and do the exact opposite. Banks only lend money to rich people, Grameen Bank lends money to poor people. Banks need lawyers, Grameen Bank has no lawyers. I find the simplicity in Yunus’ model amusing and fascinating. This idea of flipping the system on its head in order to enact positive change is brilliant.
Concepts of self-determination and individual achievement are issues of contention in the field of international social work. At what point does education and aid become imperial, or forced upon a population thought to “need” what you have to offer? One reason Yunus’ Grameen Bank is so successful is due to the self-governance it allows to its patrons. There are no stipulations or clauses that borrowers must meet in order to receive a loan. This allows patrons to achieve the sense of self-determination and individual freedom to develop their own practices and ideals.
Healey, Lynn M. (2008). International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World. 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hugman, R., M. Moosa-Mitha, & Moyo, O. (2010). Towards a borderless social work: Reconsidering notions of international social work. International Social Work 53(5): 629-643.
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